* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download What’s New in the Energy Volume
Climate-friendly gardening wikipedia , lookup
Scientific opinion on climate change wikipedia , lookup
Economics of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Global warming wikipedia , lookup
Climate engineering wikipedia , lookup
Fossil fuel phase-out wikipedia , lookup
Citizens' Climate Lobby wikipedia , lookup
Climate change feedback wikipedia , lookup
Economics of climate change mitigation wikipedia , lookup
Climate change and poverty wikipedia , lookup
Solar radiation management wikipedia , lookup
2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference wikipedia , lookup
Climate change in New Zealand wikipedia , lookup
Climate change mitigation wikipedia , lookup
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change wikipedia , lookup
German Climate Action Plan 2050 wikipedia , lookup
United Nations Climate Change conference wikipedia , lookup
Climate change in the United States wikipedia , lookup
Years of Living Dangerously wikipedia , lookup
Decarbonisation measures in proposed UK electricity market reform wikipedia , lookup
Politics of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Low-carbon economy wikipedia , lookup
Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme wikipedia , lookup
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report wikipedia , lookup
Business action on climate change wikipedia , lookup
Carbon capture and storage (timeline) wikipedia , lookup
Mitigation of global warming in Australia wikipedia , lookup
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME WMO UNEP What’s New in the Energy Volume IPCC 2006 Guidelines Bonn, 18 may 2006 Tinus Pulles TNO, Netherlands UNEP No “real” changes since the revised 1996 Guidelines NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME What’s new? Clear separation of Sectoral Approach and Reference Approach Clear treatment of non-energy use of fuels New chapter on CO2 Capture and Storage Methods for abandoned coal mines New methodologies and emission factors to reflect developing country circumstances as well Improved decision trees facilitating more accurate emission estimation Uncertainty information for all default values WMO INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE Overview UNEP The energy sector comprises: NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME fugitive emissions during exploration, exploitation of primary energy sources, conversion of primary energy sources into more useable energy forms in refineries and power plants transmission and distribution of fuels use of fuels in stationary and mobile applications. WMO INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE Energy sector overview UNEP Uncertainty information Point value TABLE 1.4 DEFAULT CO2 EMISSION FACTORS FOR COMBUSTION Fuel Type English Description Default Carbon Content (kg/GJ) Default Carbon Oxidation Factor A B Motor20.0 Gasoline 1 Effective CO2 emission factor (kg/TJ) 2 Default 95% confidence interval value 3 lower upper 1 C=A*B*44/1 2*1000 73 300 71 100 75 500 21.0 1 77 000 69 300 85 400 17.5 1 64 200 58 300 70 400 20% 18.9 1 69 300 67 500 73 000 15% 19.1 1 70 000 67 500 73 000 10% 19.1 1 70 000 67 500 73 000 Crude Oil 35% Orimulsion 30% Natural Gas Liquids Aviation Gasoline Jet Gasoline 25% Frequency (%) Motor Gasoline Gasoline 1 NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE Uncertainty 5% 2 0% WMO 85 000 75 000 65 000 55 000 45 000 Emission factor (kg/TJ) UNEP NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME “Reference Approach” Part of QA/QC Fuel used x Emission Factor National Carbon balance, based on (primary) fuel combustion and international trade (imports, exports) with corrections. Error Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 All gases WMO vs Estimate to be included in national inventory Effort INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE “Sectoral Approach” Independent check of the sectoral approach CO2 only UNEP By definition: Non-Energy Use is not dealt with in “Energy” but in “Industrial Processes and Product Use”. NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME Sectoral Approach uses “Fuel Combusted”. A correction for Non-Energy Use is implemented in the Reference Approach to deal with the carbon stored in products WMO INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE Non-Energy use of Fuels The 2006GLs would help segregate energy and non-energy emissions from sectors such as iron and steel. UNEP N2 O2 NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME Post combustion Coal Gas Biomass CO2 Separation Power & Heat Air Coal Gas Biomass Stationary Combustion Pre combustion CO2 Air/O2 Steam Gasification Gas, Oil CO2 H2 Reformer +CO2 Sep Power & Heat N2 O 2 Air Coal Gas Biomass Oxyfuel Power & Heat O2 Air Air Separation CO2 N2 Air/O2 Industrial Coal Gas Processes Biomass IPPU Process +CO2 Sep. Raw material WMO INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE CO2 Capture and Storage CO2 Gas, Ammonia, Steel New Chapter CO2 Compression & Dehydration Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) involves the capture of CO2, its transport to a storage location and its long-term isolation from the atmosphere. Emissions associated with CO2 transport, injection and storage are covered under category 1C. Emissions (and reductions) associated with CO2 capture should be reported under the IPCC sector in which capture takes place (e.g. Stationary Combustion or Industrial Activities). 1 C 1 C 1 1 C 1 1 C 1 Transport of CO2 Fugitive emissions from the systems used to transport captured CO2 from the source to the injection site. These emissions may comprise fugitive losses due to equipment leaks, venting and releases due to pipeline ruptures or other accidental releases. a Pipelines Fugitive emissions from the pipeline system used to transport CO2 to the injection site. 1 b Ships Fugitive emissions from the ships used to transport CO2 to the injection site. C 1 c Other (please specify) Fugitive emissions from other systems used to transport CO2 to the injection site. 1 C 2 Injection and Storage Fugitive emissions from activities and equipment at the injection site and those from the end containment once the CO2 is placed in storage. 1 C 2 a Injection Fugitive emissions from activities and equipment at the injection site. 1 C 2 b Storage Fugitive emissions from the end containment once the CO2 is placed in storage. 1 C 3 Other Any other emissions from CCS not reported elsewhere WMO 1 TABLE 5.1 SOURCE CATEGORIES FOR CCS NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE UNEP CO2 Capture and (Transport &) Storage UNEP Closed, or abandoned, underground coal mines may continue to be a source of greenhouse gas emissions for some time; NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME Tier 1 and Tier 2 methods, based on a database of abandoned mines are provided and default emisison factors are given. WMO INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE Abandoned Coal Mines WMO NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE UNEP Thank you Dr. Tinus Pulles TNO, the Netherlands [email protected] phone: +31 55 549 3762