Download What’s New in the Energy Volume

INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE
NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME
WMO
UNEP
What’s New in the Energy Volume
IPCC 2006 Guidelines
Bonn, 18 may 2006
Tinus Pulles
TNO, Netherlands
UNEP
 No “real” changes since the revised 1996
Guidelines
NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME
 What’s new?
 Clear separation of Sectoral Approach and Reference
Approach
 Clear treatment of non-energy use of fuels
 New chapter on CO2 Capture and Storage
 Methods for abandoned coal mines
 New methodologies and emission factors to reflect
developing country circumstances as well
 Improved decision trees facilitating more accurate
emission estimation
 Uncertainty information for all default values
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Overview
UNEP
The energy sector comprises:
NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME
 fugitive emissions during
exploration, exploitation of
primary energy sources,
 conversion of primary
energy sources into more
useable energy forms in
refineries and power plants
 transmission and
distribution of fuels
 use of fuels in stationary
and mobile applications.
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INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Energy sector overview
UNEP
Uncertainty information
Point
value
TABLE 1.4
DEFAULT CO2 EMISSION FACTORS FOR COMBUSTION
Fuel Type English Description
Default Carbon
Content
(kg/GJ)
Default
Carbon
Oxidation
Factor
A
B
Motor20.0
Gasoline
1
Effective CO2 emission factor
(kg/TJ) 2
Default
95% confidence interval
value 3
lower
upper
1
C=A*B*44/1
2*1000
73 300
71 100
75 500
21.0
1
77 000
69 300
85 400
17.5
1
64 200
58 300
70 400
20%
18.9
1
69 300
67 500
73 000
15%
19.1
1
70 000
67 500
73 000
10%
19.1
1
70 000
67 500
73 000
Crude Oil
35%
Orimulsion
30%
Natural Gas Liquids
Aviation Gasoline
Jet Gasoline
25%
Frequency (%)
Motor Gasoline
Gasoline
1
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Uncertainty
5%
2
0%
WMO
85 000
75 000
65 000
55 000
45 000
Emission factor (kg/TJ)
UNEP
NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME
“Reference Approach”
 Part of QA/QC
Fuel used x Emission Factor
 National Carbon balance,
based on (primary) fuel
combustion and international
trade (imports, exports) with
corrections.
Error
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
All gases
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vs
 Estimate to be included in
national inventory
Effort
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“Sectoral Approach”
 Independent check of the
sectoral approach
CO2 only
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 By definition: Non-Energy Use is not dealt
with in “Energy” but in “Industrial Processes
and Product Use”.
NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME
 Sectoral Approach uses “Fuel Combusted”.
 A correction for Non-Energy Use is
implemented in the Reference Approach to
deal with the carbon stored in products
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Non-Energy use of Fuels
 The 2006GLs would help segregate energy
and non-energy emissions from sectors
such as iron and steel.
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N2
O2
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Post combustion
Coal
Gas
Biomass
CO2
Separation
Power & Heat
Air
Coal
Gas
Biomass
Stationary
Combustion
Pre
combustion
CO2
Air/O2
Steam
Gasification
Gas, Oil
CO2
H2
Reformer
+CO2 Sep
Power & Heat
N2 O 2
Air
Coal
Gas
Biomass
Oxyfuel
Power & Heat
O2
Air
Air Separation
CO2
N2
Air/O2
Industrial
Coal
Gas
Processes
Biomass
IPPU
Process +CO2 Sep.
Raw material
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CO2 Capture and Storage
CO2
Gas, Ammonia, Steel
New
Chapter
CO2
Compression
& Dehydration
Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) involves the capture of CO2,
its transport to a storage location and its long-term isolation from the
atmosphere. Emissions associated with CO2 transport, injection and storage are
covered under category 1C. Emissions (and reductions) associated with CO2
capture should be reported under the IPCC sector in which capture takes place
(e.g. Stationary Combustion or Industrial Activities).
1
C
1
C
1
1
C
1
1
C
1
Transport of CO2
Fugitive emissions from the systems used to transport captured CO2 from the
source to the injection site. These emissions may comprise fugitive losses due to
equipment leaks, venting and releases due to pipeline ruptures or other
accidental releases.
a
Pipelines
Fugitive emissions from the pipeline system used to transport CO2 to the
injection site.
1
b
Ships
Fugitive emissions from the ships used to transport CO2 to the injection site.
C
1
c
Other (please
specify)
Fugitive emissions from other systems used to transport CO2 to the injection
site.
1
C
2
Injection and
Storage
Fugitive emissions from activities and equipment at the injection site and those
from the end containment once the CO2 is placed in storage.
1
C
2
a
Injection
Fugitive emissions from activities and equipment at the injection site.
1
C
2
b
Storage
Fugitive emissions from the end containment once the CO2 is placed in storage.
1
C
3
Other
Any other emissions from CCS not reported elsewhere
WMO
1
TABLE 5.1 SOURCE CATEGORIES FOR CCS
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CO2 Capture and (Transport &)
Storage
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Closed, or abandoned, underground
coal mines may continue to be a
source of greenhouse gas emissions
for some time;
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Tier 1 and Tier 2 methods, based on a
database of abandoned mines are
provided and default emisison factors
are given.
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Abandoned Coal Mines
WMO
NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMME
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UNEP
Thank you
Dr. Tinus Pulles
TNO, the Netherlands
[email protected]
phone: +31 55 549 3762