* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Slide 1
Media coverage of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Attribution of recent climate change wikipedia , lookup
Solar radiation management wikipedia , lookup
Climate sensitivity wikipedia , lookup
Scientific opinion on climate change wikipedia , lookup
Climate change feedback wikipedia , lookup
Climate change and agriculture wikipedia , lookup
General circulation model wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on human health wikipedia , lookup
Economics of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Public opinion on global warming wikipedia , lookup
Surveys of scientists' views on climate change wikipedia , lookup
Global warming wikipedia , lookup
Global warming hiatus wikipedia , lookup
Sea level rise wikipedia , lookup
Years of Living Dangerously wikipedia , lookup
Climate change in the United States wikipedia , lookup
Climate change and poverty wikipedia , lookup
Climate change, industry and society wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on oceans wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Climate change adaptation wikipedia , lookup
Physical impacts of climate change wikipedia , lookup
North Report wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on humans wikipedia , lookup
Instrumental temperature record wikipedia , lookup
Coastal Cities and Adaptation to Climate Change: Bangkok Study Chanchai Vitoolpanyakij Director Department of Drainage and Sewerage Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Climate forcing on Bangkok • Temperature changes • Rainfall changes (local & upper catchment) • Sea level rise • Altered frequency of extreme events (storm surge) • Compounding factors – Flat topography – Land subsidence Local and global temperature • There is a robust linear relationship between local temperature increase and global mean temperature increase • • • • vertical axis – Bangkok mean temperature change horizontal axis - global mean temperature change SERS (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) Red - A1B, blue - B1 solid black line - least-square fit to all data points Source: Study on Climate Impact Adaptation and Mitigation in Asian coastal mega cities: Interim Report, JBIC, 2008 Local temperature trends • Annual mean (19612007) minimum and maximum temperatures in Bangkok is rising • Overall, Thailand’s temperature rise show similar trend during the same period Sea level rise • Sea level rise (Increased coastal erosion, inundation of coastal wetlands, Increased risk of flooding and storm damage) • Upper Gulf of Thailand (includes Bangkok) - most vulnerable to sea-level rise in Thailand Chao Phraya Tha Chin Bang Pakong Mae Klong Chan Thaburi Ranong Si Chon Krabi Narathivat Source: Tidal record analysis by the consultant. Yearly averaged values are shown here Extreme events Chao Phraya MaeKlong 3 Wter level(msl) 2 Thachin Bangpakon g 0 -2 100 – caused strong winds and heavy rainfall – significant wave height of 3-4 m was measured Storm surge 1 -1 0 • Storm surges and typhoons are not uncommon • Most recent - typhoon LINDA (1997) 200 300 400 Hours 500 600 700 800 • Altered frequency of extreme weather events (Increased waves and surges, Altered cyclone zones) A gloomy future! • IPCC SERS (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) Case SERS case Temperature Rainfall change (0C) change (%) Sea level rise (cm) A1 FI 1.9 3 29 B1 1.2 2 19 • Source: Study on Climate Impact Adaptation and Mitigation in Asian coastal mega cities: Interim Report, JBIC, 2008 • Strom surge: 61 cm Altered flood risks.. • Floods due to altered extreme precipitation from the upstream, and in the Bangkok area and tide are crucial for Bangkok Future floods Max depth (30-yr return period) 2008 condition Max depth (30-yr return period) 2050 A1FI + Sea level rise + Land subsidence + Storm surge condition Structural measures (1995 to present) Existing and planned flood protection systems will not have enough capacity to cope with the climate change of A1FI scenario at the return period higher than 10 years Dike along both sides of the Chao Phraya River King’s Dike to protect BMA east side Dike to protect BMA west side Dike to protect BMA east side expansion (under construction) Bangkok +2.50 to +3.00 m.MSL Dike to protect Suwanaphum International Airport +3.60 m.MSL Improve Pumping System Structural measures – earlier proposal • • • • Large storage dam in the upper basin Barrage at the river mouth Diversion channel Coastal erosion protection – • the shoreline on the west of the Chao Phraya River has been eroded about 5 to 10 m per year Structural measures – current proposal • Dikes, pumps, and drainage canal improvement • Dike crest elevations in the future – include land subsidence of 0.20 m and free board of 0.30 m • Three new pumping stations at Klong Khun Rat Phinit Chai, Phasi Charoen and Sanam Chai (capacities of 100, 400 and 200 m3/sec for flood at 30-year return period) • Improvement of drainage canals Maximum future inundation • Inundated area reduced from 744.34 to 362.14 km2 or decreased 382 km2 or 51 .35%. Without proposed structural adaptation With proposed structural adaptation Coastal erosion protection – current proposal • Pursue shoreline protection of the western area of the Chao Phraya River (along the shoreline of Bang Khun Thien) as proposed by BMA (2007) • Shoreline of the eastern area of the Chao Phraya River, raise the crest of the proposed rock-pile embankments along all the length of the embankments. • The total estimated costs are 35,228 million baht to protect the against a 30-yr return period flood of the future • Non structural measures (next presentation) Thank you