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FACILITATING MIGRANTS AND DIASPORAS CONTRIBUTIONS FOR LAND BASED ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE INTEGRATING MIGRATION INTO DEVELOPMENT: DIASPORA AS A DEVELOPMENT ENABLER Dina Ionesco, Focal point Migration, Environment and Climate Change (MECC) International Organization for Migration (IOM) IOM Rome, 2-3 October 2014 II. MIGRANTS AND DIASPORAS CONTRIBUTIONS FOR LAND BASED ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE: FOUR POLICY LENSES 2 Environmental migration: a complex multi-causal phenomenon Impacts of both sudden and slow onset events Climate change and land degradation as aggravating factors Internal / International / Regional Temporary / Permanent / Circular Forced /Voluntary © Sven Torfinn/IOM 2006 - MSD0142 1. THE MIGRATION MANAGEMENT LENS 3 To prevent forced migration resulting from environmental factors To provide assistance and protection to affected populations and seek durable solutions where forced migration does occur To facilitate migration as an adaptation strategy to climate change 4 Information Services for Migrants Planned relocation Facilitated labour migration Consular services Diasporas policies Regional Consultative Processes Humanitarian Border Management Sustainable return migration and ending displacement © IOM 2006 5 2.A CLIMATE AND LAND BASED ADAPTATION LENS IPCC Report 2014, Group 2 on Adaptation “Changes in migration patterns can be responses to both extreme weather events and longer-term climate variability and change, and migration can also be an effective adaptation strategy.’’ Adaptation and land rehabilitation reduce migratory pressures to avert forced forms of migration Migration envisioned as a land based adaptation strategy (mainstreaming migration into National Adaptations Plans NAPs) 6 UNFCCC Cancun Adaptation Framework 2010 CP16/ Paragraph 14F “Measures to enhance understanding, coordination and cooperation with regard to climate change induced displacement, migration and planned relocation, where appropriate, at the national, regional and international levels” UNCCD COP 2015 Land-based Adaptation and Resilience Linking adaptation measures to land use practices and common measures of success. © IOM 2009 - MAZ0016 Climate Conference 2015 (UNFCCC COP 21 Paris France) 7 3. A DISASTER RISK REDUCTION Dual link between mobility and risk LENS Mobility as a factor of resilience and vulnerability Marginalization New risks Loss of human capital Demographic unbalance Stress on market & services Environmental degradation Mobile people Household & community of origin Community of destination Safety Opportunities Livelihood diversification Resources Increased cultural diversity Support to local economy8 Second Hyogo Framework PrepCom1 discussions: Philippines, Nepal, Bangladesh, DRC, Norway, Cook islands, Uganda Pre-zero draft text 16.d and 26.b (long term impacts of displacement on communities and potential for additional vulnerabilities): migrants not included in specific vulnerable groups Communication from EC on the HFA2 recognizes that climate change might be a threat multiplier leading to migration 9 4. A DEVELOPMENT LENS Migration: partnerships for development Local development, land opportunities Transnational business SDGs post 2015: Target Goal 1: “Means of Implementation and Partnerships” Target Goal 2: “Decrease poverty and inequalities” Target Goal 3: “Economic growth and decent work” © IOM 2013 Alan Motus 10 II. FOCUS FOR FURTHER ACTION FIVE KEY AREAS 11 1. BUILDING THE EVIDENCE- BASE Migration, Environment and Climate Change: Evidence for Policy Making (MECLEP) IDMC and Climate Interactive drought related displacement model including land use policies effects 12 2. BUILDING CAPACITIES Climatic and environmental drivers pose new migration management challenges and require capacities to address them from a sustainable development perspective 13 3.LEVERAGE FUNDING Fund activities with a migration dimension through adaptation funding: Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF), Adaptation Fund, Green Climate Fund (GCF) National Adaptation Plans (NAPS) and Integrated Financing Strategies (IFS) The Global Environmental Facility (GEF): the case for land and migration The Global Mechanism: Promoting sustainable land management in migration prone areas inWest Africa Boost the role of remittances and investments Sustainable land management in Financial Inclusion Initiative (G20) Innovative mechanisms leveraging remittances and access through innovative tools IOM International Development Fund (IDF) New generation of matching initiative 14 4. Operationalize 5. Address longterm challenges: durable solutions, migration, DRR, development and adaptation Develop Prevent 4. Mitigate impacts of forced or mass migration 3. Manage migration: assistance and protection 1. Prevent forced migration, facilitate migration as adaptation and DRR Mitigate Manage Prepare 2. Prepare for displacement and relocation 15 5. MAINSTREAM MIGRATION IN OVERALL POST 2015 FRAMEWORK Post 2015 Development Agenda DRR Hyogo Framework of Action (HFA-2) 2015 Climate UNFCCC COP21 France 2015 Land desertification UNCCD COP Turkey 2015 Humanitarian Summit 2016 16 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION MIGRATION, ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE Thank you! Dina Ionesco [email protected] APMEN http://www.apmen.iom.int/en/ Newsletter http://www.iom.int/newsletters/issue53/ 17 18