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FACILITATING MIGRANTS AND
DIASPORAS CONTRIBUTIONS FOR
LAND BASED ADAPTATION AND
RESILIENCE
INTEGRATING MIGRATION INTO DEVELOPMENT:
DIASPORA AS A DEVELOPMENT ENABLER
Dina Ionesco, Focal point Migration, Environment and
Climate Change (MECC)
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
IOM Rome, 2-3 October 2014
II. MIGRANTS AND DIASPORAS
CONTRIBUTIONS FOR LAND
BASED ADAPTATION AND
RESILIENCE:
FOUR POLICY LENSES
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
Environmental migration: a
complex multi-causal
phenomenon

Impacts of both sudden and slow
onset events

Climate change and land
degradation as aggravating factors
 Internal / International / Regional
 Temporary / Permanent / Circular
 Forced /Voluntary
© Sven Torfinn/IOM 2006 - MSD0142
1. THE MIGRATION MANAGEMENT LENS
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
To prevent forced migration resulting from
environmental factors

To provide assistance and protection to affected
populations and seek durable solutions where forced
migration does occur

To facilitate migration as an adaptation strategy to
climate change
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Information Services for Migrants
Planned relocation
Facilitated labour migration
Consular services
Diasporas policies
Regional Consultative Processes
Humanitarian Border Management
Sustainable return migration and ending
displacement
© IOM 2006
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2.A CLIMATE
AND LAND BASED ADAPTATION
LENS

IPCC Report 2014, Group 2 on Adaptation
“Changes in migration patterns can be responses to both extreme
weather events and longer-term climate variability and change, and
migration can also be an effective adaptation strategy.’’

Adaptation and land rehabilitation reduce migratory
pressures to avert forced forms of migration

Migration envisioned as a land based adaptation strategy
(mainstreaming migration into National Adaptations Plans NAPs)
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 UNFCCC Cancun Adaptation Framework
2010 CP16/ Paragraph 14F
“Measures to enhance understanding, coordination and
cooperation with regard to climate change induced
displacement, migration and planned relocation, where
appropriate, at the national, regional and international levels”
 UNCCD COP 2015 Land-based Adaptation
and Resilience Linking adaptation measures to land use
practices and common measures of success.
© IOM 2009 - MAZ0016
 Climate Conference 2015
(UNFCCC COP 21 Paris France)
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3. A DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
Dual link between mobility and risk LENS
Mobility as a factor of resilience and vulnerability
Marginalization
New risks
Loss of human capital
Demographic unbalance
Stress on market & services
Environmental degradation
Mobile
people
Household & community
of origin
Community
of destination
Safety
Opportunities
Livelihood diversification
Resources
Increased cultural diversity
Support to local economy8

Second Hyogo Framework PrepCom1 discussions:
Philippines, Nepal, Bangladesh, DRC, Norway, Cook
islands, Uganda

Pre-zero draft text 16.d and 26.b (long term impacts of
displacement on communities and potential for additional
vulnerabilities): migrants not included in specific vulnerable
groups

Communication from EC on the HFA2 recognizes that
climate change might be a threat multiplier leading to
migration
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4. A DEVELOPMENT LENS
Migration: partnerships for
development
 Local development, land
opportunities
 Transnational business
SDGs post 2015:
 Target Goal 1: “Means of
Implementation and Partnerships”
 Target Goal 2: “Decrease poverty and
inequalities”
 Target Goal 3: “Economic growth and
decent work”
© IOM 2013 Alan Motus
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II. FOCUS FOR FURTHER ACTION
FIVE KEY AREAS
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1. BUILDING THE EVIDENCE- BASE
 Migration, Environment and Climate Change: Evidence for
Policy Making (MECLEP)
 IDMC and Climate Interactive drought related
displacement model including land use policies effects
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2. BUILDING CAPACITIES
 Climatic and environmental drivers pose new migration
management challenges and require capacities to
address them from a sustainable development
perspective
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3.LEVERAGE FUNDING
 Fund activities with a migration dimension through
adaptation funding:
 Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF),
Adaptation Fund, Green Climate Fund (GCF)
 National Adaptation Plans (NAPS) and Integrated Financing Strategies (IFS)
 The Global Environmental Facility (GEF): the case for land and migration
 The Global Mechanism: Promoting sustainable land management in migration
prone areas inWest Africa
 Boost the role of remittances and investments
 Sustainable land management in Financial Inclusion Initiative (G20)
 Innovative mechanisms leveraging remittances and access through innovative
tools
 IOM International Development Fund (IDF)
 New generation of matching initiative
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4. Operationalize
5. Address longterm challenges:
durable
solutions,
migration, DRR,
development
and adaptation
Develop
Prevent
4. Mitigate
impacts of forced
or mass migration
3. Manage
migration:
assistance and
protection
1. Prevent forced
migration,
facilitate
migration as
adaptation and
DRR
Mitigate
Manage
Prepare
2. Prepare for
displacement and
relocation
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5. MAINSTREAM MIGRATION IN OVERALL
POST 2015 FRAMEWORK
Post 2015 Development Agenda
DRR Hyogo Framework of Action (HFA-2) 2015
Climate UNFCCC COP21 France 2015
Land desertification UNCCD COP Turkey 2015
Humanitarian Summit 2016
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INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
MIGRATION, ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Thank you!
Dina Ionesco
[email protected]
APMEN
http://www.apmen.iom.int/en/
Newsletter
http://www.iom.int/newsletters/issue53/
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