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IPCC Synthesis Report Part V • Summary and relationship to other environmental issues Robert Watson Agricultural practices are affecting the environment and environmental degradation threatens food availability Climate change and other environmental issues are inter-linked Underlying causes of change • The primary factors underlying environmental degradation include: economic growth, broad technological changes, demographic shifts and governance structures. These can give rise to: – Increased demand for natural resources and energy – Market imperfections, e.g., subsidies that lead to the inefficient use of resources and act as a barrier to the market penetration of climate sound technologies; the lack of recognition of the true value of natural resources; failure to appropriate the global values of natural resources to the local level; and the failure to internalize the social costs of environmental degradation into the market price of a resource – Limited availability and transfer of technology, inefficient use of technologies, and inadequate investment in research and development for the technologies of the future – Failure to manage adequately the use of natural resources and energy Climate Change is an Integral Element of Sustainable Development Major Conclusions • The Earth’s climate is warming -- human activities are primarily responsible -- further climate change is inevitable without actions to reduce GHG emissions • Most socio-economic sectors, ecological systems and human health will be adversely affected by climate change, with developing countries being the most vulnerable • Technologies are available to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but policies and measures are needed to realize the technological potential Projected concentrations of CO2 during the 21st century are two to four times the pre-industrial level 2 700 Projected (2100) Projected (2100) 650 600 550 500 450 400 Current (2001) Current (2001) 350 300 250 200 150 400,000 300,000 200,000 Years Before Present (BP 1950) (B.P. -- 1950) 100,000 0 CO Concentration(ppmv) (ppmv) CO 2 2Concentration in Ice Core Samples and Projected levels COofConcentration Projections for Next 100 Years atmospheric CO2 during the next 100 years Vostok would Record be IPCC IS92a Scenario higher at Law than Dome Record Mauna Loa Record anytime in the last 440,000 yrs Projected Temperatures During the 21st Century Are Significantly Higher Than at Any Time During the Last 1000 Years The Challenge: Sustainable Management of an Ever-Changing Planet
