Download Injuries to the Tissues

Injuries to the Tissues
Role of ATC
1. Recognize different types of
injuries
2. Distinguish between levels of
injury severity
3. Apply appropriate first aid and
ongoing treatment
Levels of Organization
Cells
Organ Systems
Tissues
Organs
Cells
• Basic structural
and functional
unit of ALL living
organisms.
• Cells divide to
form tissues
(specialization)
• Divide through
meiosis and
mitosis
• Meiosis – sex cell
division
• Mitosis – all other
cell division
Types of Cells
Blood cells
Nerve Cell
Cardiac Muscle
Cell
Skeletal muscles are stimulated by nerve impulses carried
by motor neurons. The axon (A) that carries the impulse to
little pads called motor end plates (B).
Types of Cells
Types of Cells
Tissues
• A collection of similar cells that work
together to perform a particular
function
• Interstitial fluid – tissue fluid that
occupies tiny spaces between cells
• Dehydration = not enough tissue fluid
• Edema (swelling) = too much tissue
fluid
Types of Tissue
1. Epithelial Tissue
(Skin) – lines outside
and inside of the body
and organs
abrasions
l lacerations
contusions
Types of Tissues
2. Connective Tissue
“holds” things together
provide framework
– Examples:
• Soft
– Adipose (fatty)
– Tendons
– Ligaments
• Hard
– Osseous (bone)
– Cartilage
Types of Tissues
3. Nerve Tissue – the
communication
highway from the
CNS to the muscles,
organs, and other
various systems
• Composed of
Neurons – Nerve cells
Types of Tissues
4. Muscle Tissue –
allows muscles to
produce movement
and power
• Types
– Skeletal (attaches to
bones)
– Cardiac (causes heart
to contract)
– Smooth (organs)
Superficial Injuries to Epithelial
Tissue
• Abrasions – outer layer has been scraped
off
• Laceration – jagged tear in the flesh
• Puncture Wounds – penetration of a sharp
object
• Incision – clean, straight cut
• Avulsion – tissue is torn loose or pulled off
• Callus – thickened area of skin
• Blister – build-up of fluid under the skin
• Bites – occur from insects, reptiles, animals, and
humans
Injuries to Tissues
A.
B.
C.
D.
Skin Infections and Conditions
• Tinea Pedis – (athletes foot) caused by
fungus
• Hematomas – a blood-filled swollen area
(goose-egg)
• Contusions – Injury received by a blow
causing bleeding in the
tissue (bruise)
Contusions
Hematoma
Contusions: Treatment and Care
Immediate Treatment (RICER)
• Rest
• Ice – applied for 20 minutes
• Compression – ace bandage
• Elevation
• Range of Motion
Follow-up Treatment
• Continue to ice
• Mild stretching
• Protect area = donut-shaped pad over injury
Muscular System
•Over 600 muscles in the body
•All produce movement
3 Types of Muscle Tissue
– Cardiac
– Smooth
– Skeletal
Skeletal Muscles
• Point of origin
• Point of insertion
• Attached to bones by tendons
Movements of Skeletal Muscles
Plantar Flexion
Dorsiflexion
Pronation
Abduction
Supination
Adduction
Flexion and Extension
Injuries to Muscle Tissue
• Muscle Strain – overstretching or tearing
of the muscle
– Usually where the tendon meets the muscle
– Common sites: hamstrings, hip flexor,
quadriceps, gastrocnemius
– Classified in degrees: 1st, 2nd, 3rd
Treatment
RICE
Stretching
• Myositis Ossificans – condition in which
calcium is produced
within the muscle
after a blow
Treatment
Send to physician for x-ray
Use donut-shaped pad over area when returns
• Tendonitis – inflammation of a tendon
– caused by repeated stress & repetitive
motions
– microtears in tendon sheath
Treatment
RICE
mild stretching
Healing Process