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Cardio G.R. 1. How does the lymphatic system help the cardiovascular system? • Excess tissue fluid is collected by the lymphatic system and returns it to the cardiovascular system. Describe the structure of the heart, including the chambers and valves. • 2 atria: smaller, upper regions of the heart • 2 ventricles: larger, thick-walled (left is larger than right) • 4 valves to prevent backflow What is the function of the septum? What would happen if the heart did not have a septum? • The septum separates the left and right sides of the heart • There would be mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood without a septum Trace the path of blood through the heart, including chambers, valves, and vessels the blood travels through. • • • • • • • • • Right atrium Tricuspid Valve Right Ventricle Pulmonary Valve Pulmonary Artery Lungs Pulmonary Vein Left Atrium Mitral Valve • • • • Left Ventricle Aortic Valve Aorta Superior/Inferior Vena Cava • Right Atrium Describe the cardiac cycle, using the terms systole and diastole. What is the role of the SA node and the AV node in the cardiac cycle? • The two atria contract at same time, followed by two ventricles. – Systole = contraction – Diastole = relaxation • SA Node- initiates the heartbeat and is the pacemaker. • AV Node--takes over pacemaker duties at lower rate if SA does not function – Signal leads to ventricular contraction Distinguish between the internal and external controls of the heartbeat. Explain how an ECG relates to the cardiac cycle. • Internal: SA and AV nodes; keeps the heartbeat regular • External: Medulla Oblongata can alter cardiac cycle with sympathetic and parasympathetic – Epinephrine & Norepinephrine stimulates the heart Explain why skeletal muscle contraction has an effect on venous flow but not arterial flow. • Arteries are thicker and under far too much pressure to be affected by muscle contractions. • Veins are not under enough pressure and needs to move blood against force of gravity. Muscle contraction against veins constrict them and cause blood pressure to increase and prevent backflow on trip back to heart.