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Cardio G.R.
1. How does the lymphatic
system help the cardiovascular
system?
• Excess tissue fluid is collected by the
lymphatic system and returns it to the
cardiovascular system.
Describe the structure of the heart,
including the chambers and valves.
• 2 atria: smaller, upper regions of the
heart
• 2 ventricles: larger, thick-walled (left is
larger than right)
• 4 valves to prevent backflow
What is the function of the septum?
What would happen if the heart did
not have a septum?
• The septum separates the left and right
sides of the heart
• There would be mixing of oxygen-rich
and oxygen-poor blood without a
septum
Trace the path of blood through the
heart, including chambers, valves, and
vessels the blood travels through.
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Right atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Valve
Pulmonary Artery
Lungs
Pulmonary Vein
Left Atrium
Mitral Valve
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Left Ventricle
Aortic Valve
Aorta
Superior/Inferior
Vena Cava
• Right Atrium
Describe the cardiac cycle, using the terms
systole and diastole. What is the role of the SA
node and the AV node in the cardiac cycle?
• The two atria contract at same time, followed
by two ventricles.
– Systole = contraction
– Diastole = relaxation
• SA Node- initiates the heartbeat and is the
pacemaker.
• AV Node--takes over pacemaker duties at
lower rate if SA does not function
– Signal leads to ventricular contraction
Distinguish between the internal and external
controls of the heartbeat. Explain how an ECG
relates to the cardiac cycle.
• Internal: SA and AV nodes; keeps the
heartbeat regular
• External: Medulla Oblongata can alter
cardiac cycle with sympathetic and
parasympathetic
– Epinephrine & Norepinephrine stimulates
the heart
Explain why skeletal muscle contraction
has an effect on venous flow but not
arterial flow.
• Arteries are thicker and under far too much
pressure to be affected by muscle
contractions.
• Veins are not under enough pressure and
needs to move blood against force of
gravity. Muscle contraction against veins
constrict them and cause blood pressure to
increase and prevent backflow on trip back
to heart.