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Quantum Electron Configurations Erwin Schrödinger 1887 - 1961 The Schrödinger Equation Werner Heisenberg 1901 – 1976 Bohr Theory The electron is a particle that must be in orbital in the atom. Quantum Theory The electron is like a cloud of negative energy or a wave. Orbitals are areas in 3D space where the electrons most probably are. The energy of the electron is in its vibrational modes- like notes on a guitar string. Photons are produced when high energy modes change to lower energy modes S orbitals Each orbital holds 2 electrons S S orbitals P orbitals There are 3 suborbitals Each contains 2 electrons Total electrons = 6 Animation P Orbitals P Orbitals D orbitals •There are 5 suborbitals •Each contains 2 electrons •Total electrons = 10 D orbitals F orbitals There are 7 suborbitals Each contains 2 electrons Total electrons = 14 F orbitals Quantum Periodic Table 1s2 2s2 Count the electrons in each different orbital type until you get to Fluorine. Put in order of lowest to highest energy level. 2p5 F 1. F The Electron Configuration 1s22s22p5 Principle Quantum Number Number of Electrons in the Orbital Orbital Type- s, p, d, or f Quantum Periodic Table 2p6 3p6 2. Ca 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 4s2 2 8 8 2 Simplify to a Bohr electron configuration Quantum Periodic Table 2p6 3p6 3d9 3. Cu 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2 Simplify to a Bohr electron configuration 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63d9 4s2 2 8 17 2 Quantum Periodic Table 3d10 2p6 3p6 4p6 Count the electrons in each different orbital type until you get to Kr. Put in order of lowest to highest energy level. 4. Kr 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6 Simplify to a Bohr electron configuration 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63d10 4s24p6 2 8 18 8 Quantum Periodic Table 3d10 4d4 2p6 3p6 4p6 4. Mo 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d45s2 Quantum Periodic Table 3d10 4d10 2p6 3p6 4p6 5p5 5. I 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p5 Simplify to a Bohr electron configuration 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63d10 4s24p64d10 5s25p5 2 8 18 18 7 Why does the 4s fill before the 3d? 5s 4p 3d 4s 3p 3s Quantum Periodic Table 3d10 4d10 2p6 3p6 4p6 5p6 6. Ba2+ 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p6 7. Xe 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p6 8. I1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p6 The above chemical species are isoelectronic- same electron configuration Ishihara Test for Colour Blindness – if you can read all of the numbers you have good colour vision Atomic Theory Song