Download Chap_028 More on Verbs

Chapter 28
Chapter
Twenty-Eight
Additional Information
about Verbs
College Writing Skills with Readings
Chapter 28
Additional Information about
Verbs
Here are the three areas we’ll discuss
in this section:
• Verb Tense
• Helping Verbs
• Verbals
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Verb Tense. . .
. . . tells you the time
of the action.
Let’s start with the
simple
• present,
• past, and
• future.
Chapter 28
Verb Tense
We can be a little more specific about time
using these other tenses:
•Perfect Tense (Add a form of the verb “have”)
•Progressive Tense (Add a form of the verb “be”)
•Perfect Progressive Tense (Add both the verbs “have” and “be.”)
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Present
• action in the present
• I am laughing.
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Past
• Action in the past
• I laughed yesterday.
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Future
• Action expected to happen in the future
• I will laugh tomorrow.
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Present Perfect
• describes a present state of being based on
past action
• I have visited Paris several times.
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Past perfect
• past form of to have with the past participle form of
the main verb
• describes secluded events that have occurred before
something else followed. The event that is closer to
the present is given in simple past tense:
• After we had visited our relatives in New York, we
flew back to Toronto.
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Future Perfect
• something will occur before another action in the
future.
• [am/is/are + going to have + past participle]
• You are going to have perfected your English by
the time you come back from the U.S.
• I will have been in London for six months by the
time I leave.
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Present Progressive
• used to describe events happening now
• “to be” with a present participle .
• I am reading this wiki article,
and I am thinking about editing it.
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Past Progressive
• Past progressive is used for describing events that
were in the process of occurring when a new event
happened. The already occurring event is
presented in past progressive, the new one in
simple past.
• to be and the verb’s present participle
• He was going to the theater.
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Future Progressive
• action that will be taking place at some time
in the future.
• "will" plus "be," plus the present participle
of the verb (with an -ing ending)
• I will be running in next
year’s Boston marathon.
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Present Perfect Progressive
• events or actions that have begun at some
point in the past and continue through the
present
• I have been reading this article
for some time now.
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Past Perfect Progressive
• event that has been going on until the
present and may be continued in the future.
• have/has + participle been and the verb’s
present participial form:
• We have been waiting.
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Future Perfect Progressive
• Actions that will be unfinished, but have
reached a certain stage:
• This time next month, I'll have been living
here for three years.
Chapter 28
Helping Verbs
There are three verbs
that can both stand
alone and help other
verbs:
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Helping Verbs
Used Alone
Used as Helping Verbs
I was busy.
Mary has the floor.
He did a bad thing.
I was getting tired.
Mary has stepped in it.
He did love her.
Chapter 28
Helping Verbs
Let’s review for a minute:
I was getting tired.
Analysis: verb “be” used as helper = progressive, and past tense of verb “be” = past
progressive.
Mary has stepped in it.
Analysis: verb “have” used as helper = perfect, and present tense of verb “have” =
present perfect.
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Helping Verbs
There are also nine
helping verbs
called
that are always
used together to
help other verbs.
Let’s look at a
chart:
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Helping Verbs
Can
Could
May
Might
Shall
Should
Will
Would
Must
I can hope, can’t I?
I could eat more, I suppose.
Roger may be detained.
You might regret that tattoo, Jerry.
I shall see if there’s another room, sir.
John should get his head examined.
William will want to wander around a bit.
Glasses would help, I think.
You must take your feet off that rug, Marty.
Chapter 28
Verbals
Verbals are words
formed from
verbs.
There are three
kinds:
• Infinitives
• Participles
• Gerunds
Chapter 28
Verbals
An
is
“to” + “steal” =
formed by adding
“to steal”
the word “to” to
the base form of
Example:
the verb.
Jesse James loved to steal
What is the infinitive money from bankers.
of the verb “steal”?
Chapter 28
Verbals
A
is a verb
form used as an
adjective.
The past participle
ends in -ed or is
irregular.
Example:
Looking over her tax returns,
The present
the weeping accountant tugged
participle ends in - her bleached hair.
ing.
Chapter 28
Verbals
A
Let’s make a gerund out of
is the -ing
the verb “bowl.”
form of a verb
“Bowl” + “ing” =
used as a noun.
“Bowling”
Example:
Bowling is not a sport because
you can smoke while you’re
doing it.