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Lesson 28
Vocabulary and Derivatives
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
Ablative of Agent
Quick Look - Vocabulary
 Be
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aware of the conjunctions!
Aut – or, aut...aut – either or, etc.
 Think
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
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about English derivatives
What 2 words does the word belligerent come
from?
What does appellation mean?
What about the word ventilate?
A few more – auditorium, attraction, amicable,
inimical (think in + amicable) - ?
Ablative Case -Review

Ablative of means
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Ablative of place (in)
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Used for?
How expressed?
Ablative of place from which (3 prepositions/5
forms – a, ab, ē, ex, de)
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

Used for?
How expressed?
Used for?
How expressed?
Ablative of accompaniment (what preposition?)
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Chapter 23, page 167
Used for?
How expressed?
Learning Targets
 Recognize
when a verb is transitive or
intransitive
 Understand what the ablative of agent
looks like and how it is used in a sentence
 Differentiate between ablative of agent
and the other uses of ablative case
 To recognize the difference between
transitive and intransitive verbs
 To enhance our understanding of, and
ability to use, the passive voice
Transitive Verbs
A
verb is considered a transitive verb
when its action is carried across to a
person or thing (the direct object) or
produces a result. (trans means across;
the action is ‘going across’ to an object or
result)
Examples
 Canem amat – He loves the dog.
 Viam muniverunt – They built a road
Intransitive Verbs

An intransitive verb does not have a direct
object. It does not carry action over to
something.
Examples
Julius ambulat. – Julius walks.
 In casa Claudia mansit – Claudia remained in
the house.
NOTE – generally intransitive verbs just never
work used in the passive voice. You should
easily be able to tell which ones won’t work!

Changing sentence order to passive voice

What happens when an active voice sentence
containing a transitive verb is changed around to
become passive voice?
 ‘Anna aquam portat’ becomes:
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
‘Virōs videō’ becomes:
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
Aqua ab Annā portātur.
Virī ā mē videntur.
What does the d.o. in the active voice become in
the passive voice?
 What does the subject of the active sentence
become in the passive voice? (o. of p.)
 The verb ending changes from active to passive
and may change person.
Examples
aquam portat – Anna carries the water.
 Aqua ab Annā portātur – The water is carried
by Anna.
 Anna
videō - I see the men.
 Virī ā mē videntur. - The men are seen by me.
 Virōs
Ablative of Agent
 When
the subject of the active sentence
becomes the object of the preposition in the
passive sentence, it becomes the ‘ablative of
agent’.
The ablative of agent ALWAYS uses the
preposition a or ab (ablative of means never uses
a preposition)
 The ablative of agent always refers to a person
(ablative of means refers to a thing)
NOTE: ab only means ‘by’ when used before
nouns referring to a person acting upon the
subject in the passive voice. ‘By’ is shown as a
definition of a/ab in the glossary.

Ticket Out the Door
 Change
these active sentences
into passive sentences and
translate all:
 Puellae et pueri cenam parant.
 Anna puerum terret.
 Magnae undae servos
terrebunt.
Ticket answers
ā puellīs et puerīs paratur. (Dinner
is prepared by the boys and girls)
 Puer ab Annā terrētur. (The boy is
frightened by Anna).
 Servī ā magnīs undīs terrēbuntur (The
slaves are frightened by the large waves).
 Cena