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VERBS By: Sandra Boyd Revised By: T.M. Chambers Verbs show action or state of being. Examples: go, is An action verb is a word that expresses a physical or mental action. It may contain more than one word. Examples: He paints. (physical We thought about it. action) (mental action) A C V T E I R O B N S Notice the following action verbs in the following paragraph. Sports experts write about the football player Jim Thorpe even today. Thorpe blocked like a tank. He tackled like a tornado. In every game Thorpe attacked his opponents with all his might. He caught the ball skillfully and charged ahead fearlessly. Experts still remember and honor Thorpe’s greatness. Again an action verb can express physical actions, such as writing and running, or mental activities such as thinking and honoring. A C T I O N V Physical Mental R write remember B block honor S tackle prefer catch excel charge regarded E LINKING VERBS Linking Verbs (and Predicate Words) Linking verbs tell what the subject is or is like. A linking verb connects the subject of a sentence with a noun or an adjective in the predicate. Linking Verb John McGraw was the manager. Subject Predicate Noun Common Linking Verbs be grow seem appear look sound become feel turn taste smell Many of these linking verbs can also be used as action verbs. Linking verbs are listed on the S.A.M. sheet! Predicate Nouns A predicate noun follows a linking verb. It tells what the subject is. Sam is a pitcher. Susan was our best player. Will you be my friend? Predicate Adjectives A predicate adjective follows a linking verb. It describes the subject by telling what it is like. Samantha is beautiful. Susan was bored with sports. Will the game be interesting? HELPING VERBS Helping Verbs A helping verb is a verb that helps the main verb tell about an action or make a statement. Helping Verbs List is have should shall was has could will were had would do are did am may does be might can been, being must Helping verbs are listed on the S.A.M. sheet! Helping Verbs The students are jumping rope now. In the sentence above, the word are is the helping verb, and the present participle jumping is the main verb. VERB TENSE Verb Tenses The tense of a verb tells when an action takes place. Principal Parts of Verbs Every verb has four basic parts, which are called its principal parts. You must know all of these in order to form the different tenses correctly. Present Past Present Participle Past Participle Present Tense A present tense of a verb names an action that happens regularly. Present Tense Forms Singular Plural I race. We race. You race. You race. He, she, or it races. They race. Past Tense A past tense of a verb names an action that has already happened. The past tense of many verbs is formed by adding –d or –ed to the base form of the verb. Past Tense Forms Singular Plural I raced. We raced. You raced. You raced. He, she, or it raced. They raced. Future Tense The future tense of a verb names an action that will take place in the future. In the future tense, the word will is used with the verb. **Sometimes shall is used when the pronouns I or we is the subject. Future Tense Forms Singular Plural I will (shall) go. We will (shall) go. You will go. You will go. He, she, or it will go. They will go. Principal Parts of Verbs Participles are words formed from verbs which can be used as adjectives. There are two types of participles: The Past Participle (verbs usually end in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n) The Present Participle (verbs end in ing) Principal Parts of Verbs The chart below shows how the principal parts of most verbs are formed. Principal Parts of Verbs Base Form jump Present Participle Past Form Past Participle jumping jumped jumped Present Participle The present participle of a verb always ends in –ing. _________________________________ Examples: o o o knowing taking (the “e” in take is dropped) writing (the “e” in write is dropped) Past Participle The past participle of a verb **always requires a helping verb (have, has, had). __________________________________________ EXAMPLES: o o o had known have taken has written Helping Verbs Tense Present Past Past Participle am – is - are was -were have – has - had Combine with the present participle form of the verb. Combine with the past participle form of the verb. Helping Verbs – Past Participle Using Have, Has, Had Singular Plural I have jumped. We have jumped. You have jumped. You have jumped. She has jumped. They have jumped. Singular I had jumped. You had jumped. She had jumped. Plural We had jumped. You had jumped. They had jumped. Guided Practice… IRREGULAR VERBS WHAT ARE THEY? The way a verb forms its past tense determines its classification as regular or irregular. A regular verb takes the –d or –ed ending to denote the past tense. EXAMPLES Regular believe → believed smile → smiled Irregular run → ran eat → ate Irregular verbs do not take the –d or –ed ending. They are changed in various other ways to indicate past tense. An irregular verb forms its past and past participle by… 1. …by changing vowels Base Present Part. Past Past Part sing (helping verb) singing sang (helping verb) sung EXAMPLES: Choir members sing during performances. Chelsea is singing in the program tonight. Last year, Marie sang the opening hymn. Rachel yelled, “We have sung that song every year since 2001!” 2. …by changing consonants Base Present Part. Past make (helping verb) made making EXAMPLES: Past Part (helping verb) made Humans make mistakes everyday. Camille is making a huge mistake by skipping class. Austin made a left when he should turned right. We have made a great decision to study. 3. …by changing vowels and consonants Base Present Part. Past Past Part do (helping verb) doing did (helping verb) done EXAMPLES: o Good students do their homework and turn it in on time. o Great students are doing their best everyday to be successful. o Teachers did everything they needed to do to be successful. o Both parents and teachers have done their jobs to help students be successful. 4. …by making NO changes Base Present Part. hurt (helping verb) hurting Past Past Part hurt (helping verb) hurt EXAMPLES: Students hurt their average when they do not follow directions on assignments. Humans are hurting the planet by polluting. Samuel hurt his sister’s feelings by telling her she could not go with him to Six Flags. Sometimes we hurt others’ feelings unknowingly.