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MATH GLOSSARY Addends (additionné): A number that is added; for example, in the expression 11 + 34, 11 and 34 are the addends. Analog Clock – a clock with the numbers 1 to 12 around the face and rotating hands to show the hours, minutes and seconds. Arrays: a set of objects or numbers arranged in order, often in rows or columns. Arrays can make counting and calculating easier. ΔΔΔΔΔΔΔ ΔΔΔΔΔΔΔ Base (base): the bottom of something, e.g. the bottom line of a plane shape, or the bottom face of a solid. Centimetres (cm) [Centimètres, cm] – a unit used to measure length (1 cm = 10 mm) Columns (colonnes) Compose : Cubes : Part of base ten material used to represent usually thousands. Cylinder (cylindre) : a solid shape with one curved surface and two congruent circular or elliptical bases. Decimals (un decimal/ des décimaux) – A numeral that shows a fractional amount by using digits on either side of a dot called the decimal point; for example, 0.7 is decimal for 7/10 and 2.25 is a decimal for 9/4 or 2 ¼. Decimetre (dm) [ decimeter, dm] – a unit used to measure length (1 dm = 10 cm) Decompose (decompose) Denominator (dénominateur) – The number below the line in a fraction; the denominator tells the number of parts into which the whole has been divided. Difference (différence) - The difference of two numbers is the result of subtraction. For example, subtracting 3 from 5 gives the difference of 2, written 5 – 3 = 2. Digital Clock: a clock that uses numerals to show the time. Digits (chiffres) : Any of the symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 used to write numbers. Distance: the length between two points ( or objects.) Edges: where two surfaces join (intersect). Equal shares: Equation (équation): A mathematical statement that two expressions are equal; for example, 2 + x = 14. Equivalent factions (Fractions Équivalentes ) – Fractions that have the same value; for example 2/3 and 6/9 Estimate: close to an amount or value but not exact. Faces: flat surfaces of a three-dimensional shape. Facts: The basic operations of math, like addition, subtraction, and multiplication and division. Fact family: Fact families are 3 numbers that are related, just as the people in a family are related. They make a set of related math facts. Add and subtract with facts 3, 5, 8: 3+5=8 5+3=8 8–3=5 8–5=3 Multiply and divide with facts 3, 5, 15: 3 x 5 = 15 5 x 3 = 15 15 ÷ 3 = 5 15 ÷ 5 = 3 Factors: (Facteurs) A whole number that divides exactly into another whole number. A whole number that multiplies with another whole number to make a third number. Numbers that are multiplied to get a product. 12 = 1 x 12 12 = 3 x 4 12 = 2 x 6 12 /1 = 12 12 / 3 = 4 12/6 = 2 Flats (planchettes) : Part of base ten material used to represent usually hundreds. Greater than (plus grand que): More than; shows relationship between numbers; symbol (>); example: 10 > 9 ( 10 is greater than 9 ) Grouping: Dividing things into equal groups (sets.) Half (Demi) - The irreducible faction resulting from dividing one by two (1/2), or any number by it double. It is the faction occurring most often in mathematical equations, recipes, measurements etc. Hexagon (hexagone) – A six-sided polygon. Hour (heure) : 60 minutes Hundreds (Centaines) : Each digit of a number in our number system has a different place value (ones, tens, hundreds, etc.). In the example, the underlined digit is in the hundreds position. Example: 1783 ( 7 is in the hundreds position and has a value of 700) Intersecting Lines: lines that cross over one another; or overlap. Length: distance from one end to the other; how long something is. Less than (plus petit que): Less than; shows relationship between numbers; symbol (<); example: 5 < 9 ( 5 is less than 9 ) Metre (m) [mètre, m] – a unit used to measure length ex: 1 m = 100 cm, 1000 m = 1 km Minute: 60 seconds. Mirror Image: a mirror-based duplicate of a single image. Multiples (multiples): Mathematic operation where a number is added to itself a number of times. Eg. 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 20 or 4 x 5 = 20 Nets/patterns (développement) flat shape which can be folded up into a three-dimensional solid. Number family: Number Family is a given number, its partners (2 numbers that add up to the number), and all of the addition and subtraction facts that can be generated from the partners. A child working on the Number Family of 8 would be studying and learning the partners and all of the corresponding addition and subtraction facts for 8. Example: Math facts for the number family of 8 Number line (Droite numérique) – line marked with numbers, used to show operations. - has numbers in order from least to greatest. The spaces between pairs of consecutive numbers are equal. Number sentence (phrase mathématique): An arrangement of numbers and symbols; for example, an addition sentence: 3 + 7 = 10; a subtraction sentence: 12 – 4 = 8; a multiplication sentence: 5 x 7 = 35; a division sentence: 48 ÷ 6 = 8 Numerator (numérateur) – The number above the line in a fraction; the numerator tells how many parts are being considered. Octagon (Octagone) – A polygon with 8 sides. Ordering (ordonner) : Arranging according to size, amount or value. Parallel lines (Droites parallèles): Lines that are the same distance apart. Patterns (Suites/ Motifs): repeated design or recurring sequence. Perpendicular Lines (Droites perpendiculaires) : all right angles to the horizon. Product (produit): The result of a multiplication. The product of 5 and 2 is 10; or 5 x 2 = 10. Pyramid (pyramide): a solid shape with a polygon as a base and triangular faces that taper to a point (vertex). Quadrilateral (quadrilatère) – A figure with 4 sides. Quarter/Fourth (un quart) Quotient (quotient) – The number obtained by dividing one number into another. In the division sentence: 77 div 11 = 7, the quotient is 7 Part (partie): Pentagon (pentagone) – A five-sided polygon. Rectangle (Un rectangle) – A quadrilateral, where 2 pairs of opposite sides are equal and each angle is a right angle, or 90 degrees. Rectangular Prism (Prisme rectangulaire): a polyhedron-a prism with two identical, rectangular bases. Reflective Symmetry: Line symmetry means reflection. If we were to draw a line through a shape to represent a mirror, the shape could be folded along that line and both sides would both fit exactly together. Regroup: rearrange the formation of a group; used to assist when trading or carrying in addition or subtraction. Related: (“related facts” is in the glossary of Gr. 5 – if this is what is meant here) Remainder – What is left over when one number does not divide exactly into another number. For example, in the quotient 13 divided 5 = 2RC, the remained is 3. Repeated addition: Rhombus – A parallelogram with four equal sides. Rods (réglettes) : Part of base ten material used to represent usually tens. Round: change a number to a more convenient value. Rows (Rangées): Items arranged in a horizontal line. Space: the three dimensional place in which an object can exist or events take place. Square (Un carré) – A quadrilateral with equal sides and each angle is a right angle, or 90 degrees. Sum (somme) - A sum is the result of an addition. For example, adding 1, 2, 3, and 4 gives the sum 10, written 1 + 2+ 3 + 4 = 10 Tenths (Dixièmes) – The place value representing 0.1, or 1/10; for example, three tenths is 0.3, or 3/10. Third (un tiers) - Thousands: ( Milliers) Each digit of a number in our number system has a different place value (ones, tens, hundreds, etc.). In the example, the underlined digit is in the hundreds position. Example: 2783 ( 2 is in the thousands position and has a value of 2000) Trade Trains/towers – Trapezoid – A quadrilateral where 1 pair of sides is parallel. Triangular Prism (Prisme triangulaire): a polyhedron-a prism with two identical, triangular bases. Units (cubes-unités) : Part of base ten material used to represent usually ones. Value: numerical worth or amount. Vertex/vertices: point where surfaces meet-corner. Width: distance across from side to side. Whole (Entier) – Any of the natural numbers (positive or negative) or Zero. The whole numbers are the counting numbers and 0. The whole numbers are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5…