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El Subjuntivo No es tan complicado… En Español The subjuntivo is not a tense; rather, it is a mood. Tense refers to when an action takes place (past, present, future), while mood merely reflects how the speaker feels about the action. The subjunctive mood is rarely used in English, but it is widely used in Spanish. Examples of the subjunctive being used in English: 1) The doctor recommends that she drink 4 glasses of water a day. Normally, the indicative conjugation is "She drinks"; but, the subjunctive conjugation form drops the "s." 2) The State requires that you be 18 years old to buy cigarettes. Normally, the indicative conjugation is "you are." 3) "If I were King, I would eat Ben & Jerry's ice cream daily." Normally, the indicative conjugation is "I was.” 4.1–3 Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. Tiempo Verbal - Modo INDICATIVE certainty/objectivity (present, preterite, imperfect, future, conditional, compound tenses) SUBJUNCTIVE possibiliby/subjectivity Further Explanation In general, the subjunctive is a verb mood that is used to express an action or state of being in the context of the speaker's reaction to it. Most commonly (although not always), the subjunctive verb is used in a clause that starts with the relative pronoun que (meaning "which," "that" or "who"). Frequently, the sentences that contain a subjunctive verb are used to express doubt, uncertainty, denial, desire, commands or reactions to the clause containing the subjunctive verb. ¿Cómo lo formamos? Conjuga al “yo”: (ej. hablar --> hablo) Quita la “-o”: (hablo --> habl) Añade la vocal opuesta: (habl --> hable) Termninaciones AR ER IR Singular -e Plural -emos -es -e -éis -en 1st Person 2nd Person Singular -a -as Plural -amos -áis 3rd Person -a -an 1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person Práctica – Subjuntivo (regular) HABLAR Singular Plural hable hablemos hables habléis hable hablen COMER Singular Plural coma comamos comas comáis coma coman VIVIR Singular Plural viva vivamos vivas viváis viva vivan -CAR / -GAR / -ZAR These verbs change spelling to preserve vowel sound. TOCAR Singular Plural 1st Person toque toquemos 2nd Person toques toquéis 3rd Person toque toquen JUGAR Singular Plural 1st Person juegue juguemos 2nd Person juegues juguéis 3rd Person juegue jueguen CRUZAR Singular Plural 1st Person cruce crucemos 2nd Person cruces crucéis 3rd Person cruce crucen Práctica – Subjuntivo (yo – irregular en indicativo) HUIR Singular Plural huya huyamos huyas huyáis huya huyan CONOCER Singular Plural conozca conozcamos conozcas conozcáis conozca conozcan SALIR Singular Plural salga salgamos salgas salgáis salga salgan “Verbos bota” -ar -er -ir OU EI Stem-changers -AR, -ER and –IR verbs that have stem changes in the present indicative have the same changes in the present subjunctive. In addition: –ir verbs change in nosotros & vosotros forms: o u & e i Irregulares SER 1st Person Singular sea Plural seamos 2nd Person 3rd Person seas sea seáis sean ESTAR 1st Person Singular esté Plural estemos 2nd Person 3rd Person estés esté estéis estén Más Irregulares IR 1st Person Singular vaya Plural vayamos 2nd Person 3rd Person vayas vaya vayáis vayan HABER 1st Person Singular haya Plural hayamos 2nd Person 3rd Person hayas haya hayáis hayan …Más Irregulares SABER 1st Person Singular sepa Plural sepamos 2nd Person 3rd Person sepas sepa sepáis sepan DAR 1st Person Singular dé Plural demos 2nd Person 3rd Person des dé déis den Irregulares (igual que mandatos) Basics of the subjunctive Must have a subjunctive TRIGGER (i.e. verb or expression of wishing wanting/will or influence, emotion, doubt) Sentence has 2 clauses (part of sentence w/ subject & verb). Each clause has different subject. (subject in the first part of the sentenc cannot be the same as the other subject) ‘QUE’ connects the two parts 1st verb in present INDICATIVE 2nd verb in present SUBJUNCTIVE EJEMPLO: Los profesores quieren que los estudiantes escriban apuntes. indicativo que subjuntivo Subjunctive “Triggers”: Verbs of influence Querer Recomendar Insistir en Sugerir Preferir Pedir Mandar Es necesario Prohibir Es urgente Permitir Es importante Desear Es mejor + que + subjunctive Sugiero que hables con tus padres. Formula for when subjunctive is used 2nd VERB 1st VERB 1st SUBJECT This INDICATIVE VERB has to TRIGGER the subjunctive. It must denote emotion, denial, uncertainty, volition, influence, desire, etc. 2nd Subject S1 + V1 + QUE + S2 + V2 This verb will be in the subjunctive . Subjunctive “Triggers” : Verbs of Emotion Alegrarse de Es mejor Esperar Es bueno Sentir Es malo Temer Es ridículo + que + subjunctivo Tener miedo de Es terrible Me gusta Es una lástima Te molesta Es urgente Le sorprende ¡Qué extraño Es extraño ¡Qué lástima Me alegro de que vayas a estudiar en México. Es increible Verbos / Frases , Recommendations = “Hopeful” ¡Ojo! If there is no change of subject in the sentence, then the 2nd verb will be in the INFINITIVE. Ejemplo: Prefiero ir a Bogotá en junio. Prefiero que (tú) vayas en agosto. I prefer to go to Bogota in June. I prefer that you go in August. Many common expressions introduce subjunctive clauses: Es una pena que... "It is a shame that..." Quiero que... "I want..." Ojalá (que)... "I hope..." Es importante que... "It is important that..." Me alegro de que... "I am happy that..." Es bueno que... "It is good that..." Es necesario que... "It is necessary that..." Dudo que... "I doubt that..." Formula for when subjunctive is used 2nd VERB 1st VERB 1st SUBJECT This INDICATIVE VERB has to TRIGGER the subjunctive. It must denote emotion, denial, uncertainty, volition, influence, desire, etc. 2nd Subject S1 + V1 + QUE + S2 + V2 This verb will be in the subjunctive . Subjunctive Triggers of Doubt & Denial No creer Es probable Dudar No es probable Negar Es improbable No es cierto No es improbable No es seguro No es verdad + que + subjunctive No estar seguro/a (de) Es posible No es posible Dudo que ella estudie para el examen. ¡Ojo! If there is no “WEIRDO” in the sentence, then the 2nd verb will not be in the SUBJUNCTIVE Ejemplo: Creo que ella va a llegar tarde. Dudo que vayas a llegar a tiempo. I believe (that) she will arrive late. I doubt (that) you will arrive on time. Formula for when subjunctive is used 2nd VERB 1st VERB 1st SUBJECT This INDICATIVE VERB has to TRIGGER the subjunctive. It must denote emotion, denial, uncertainty, volition, influence, desire, etc. 2nd Subject S1 + V1 + QUE + S2 + V2 This verb will be in the subjunctive . El verbo “decir”: ¿Mandato? o ¿Hecho? Videos that Explain Usage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlJxXPtv0cE&feature= related (Formation - Irregulars) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTTcm9OAcDo&featur e=related (Influence) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOsgpBgQDiA&featur e=related (Emotion) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjLJgCkRkjM&feature =related (Doubt and Denial)