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Unit 2: The Islamic World Chapter 3: The Rise of Islam Geography and Life in Arabia Origins of Islam Islamic Beliefs and Practices Chapter 4: The Spread of Islam Early Expansion Muslim Empires Cultural Achievements Chapter 3: The Rise of Islam Key Words sand dunes oasis sedentary caravan souk jihad Sunnah Five Pillars of Islam Muhammad Islam Muslim Qur’an shrine pilgrimage mosque Geography and Life in Arabia Chapter 3 – Sect. 1 Origins of Islam Ramadan - 2010 Muhammad, c. 570-632 c. AD 570 – Birth c. AD 610 – Message from angel c. AD 613 – Begins to spread the word c. AD 622 – Leaves Mecca for Medina (known as the hegira) Start of the Islamic Calendar c. AD 632 - Death “Allah” in calligraphy Mosque in Medina Chapter 3 – Sect. 2 Islamic Beliefs and Practices Chapter 3 – Sect. 3 Chapter 4: The Spread of Islam Key Words Abu Bakr caliph tolerance Ibn Battutah Sufism Omar Khayyam patrons minaret calligraphy Janissaries Mehmed II sultan Suleyman I harem Shia Sunni Early Expansion The Berbers (Moors) - Spain caliph Chapter 4 – Sect. 1 Umayyad Mosque - Damascus Abu Bakr stops Meccan Mob.jpg Trade Helps Spread Islam Indonesia Mosque in Malaysia Important Muslim Cities Chapter 4 – Sect. 1 (cont.) Baghdad Córdoba History and Geography: The Hajj Every year, as many as __________ Muslims make a religious journey, or ____________, to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. This journey, called ________, is one of the ____________________________—all Muslims are expected to make the journey at least ______ in their lifetime if they can. Mecca is the place where _______________ lived and taught more than 1,300 years ago. As a result, it is the holiest city in Islam. The pilgrims who travel to Mecca each year serve as _______________________ of the What are some of the places connection from which between Muslims history and geography. begin their journey to Mecca? _______________________________________ __________________________________________ ____ Why is Mecca the holiest city in Islam? ___________ _________________________________ ____ Muslim Empires Ottoman Empire Chapter 4 – Sect. 2 Safavid Empire Muslim Empires Chapter 4 – Sect. 2 (cont.) Mughal Empire Muslim EmpiresChapter 4 – Sect. 2 (cont.) Cultural Achievements Chapter 4 – Sect. 3 Astronomy Geography Ibn Battutah traveled to Africa, India, China, and Spain in the 1320s. To help travelers on their way, Muslim geographers made more accurate maps to help them on their way. Muslim scientists used astrolabes like this one to figure out their location, direction, and even the time of day. Math The Muslim mathematician al-Khwarizmi then used new ideas to write a math textbook for algebra. Medicine Al-Razi discovered how to diagnose and treat the deadly disease smallpox. Cultural Achievements Chapter 4 – Sect. 3 (cont.) Philosophy Literature Sufism teaches that people can find God’s love by having a personal relationship with God. People who practice Sufism are called Sufis. Architecture Omar Khayyam was one of the most famous Sufi poets. Art A minaret is a narrow tower from which Muslims are called to prayer. Because Muslims believe that only Allah can create humans and animals, Muslim artists turned calligraphy, or decorative, writing into an art form. History Close-up The Blue Mosque The Blue Mosque in __________ was built in the early 1600s for an ___________ sultan. It upset many people at the time it was built because they thought its _______ minarets—instead of the ______________—were an attempt to make it ________ as the mosque in ______. Why do you think the decoration of the Blue Mosque is so elaborate? ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________