* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chapter 7 - TeacherWeb
International reactions to Fitna wikipedia , lookup
Islam and violence wikipedia , lookup
History of slavery in the Muslim world wikipedia , lookup
Political aspects of Islam wikipedia , lookup
Muslim world wikipedia , lookup
Islam and Sikhism wikipedia , lookup
War against Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islamic Golden Age wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Pakistan wikipedia , lookup
Gender roles in Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islamic missionary activity wikipedia , lookup
Islam and modernity wikipedia , lookup
Spread of Islam wikipedia , lookup
Schools of Islamic theology wikipedia , lookup
Islam in South Africa wikipedia , lookup
Liberalism and progressivism within Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Islam and war wikipedia , lookup
Islam in the United Kingdom wikipedia , lookup
Reception of Islam in Early Modern Europe wikipedia , lookup
Islamic culture wikipedia , lookup
Islamic schools and branches wikipedia , lookup
Chapter 7 Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia Islamic Heartlands Court conditions: • • • • Shi’i revolts, assassinations Luxuries Wives, concubines, courtiers Succession??? Harun al-Rashid • • • • Thousand and One Arabian Nights Dependent on advisors (Persian) Death→civil wars, need for personal armies Slave mercenary armies (caused more problems) Internal problems Constant civil violence (costs $$) Peasants heavily taxed Villages destroyed/abandoned Shi’i also caused problems Women Harem and veil Concubines/slaves Slaves from surrounding regions • • • • Prized for beauty and intelligence Very educated Leaders spend more time with them Slave and lower-class women – usually had more freedom Upper-class had “behind the scenes” power Nomadic problems Buyids (Persian Shi’i) • Invaded and captured Baghdad • Caliphs were “puppet rulers” • “sultans” Seljuk Turks (Sunnis) • Purged Shi’i influence • Good military • Opens way for Ottomans later Mongols later end the Abbasids Impact of Crusades Seljuks not unified, surprised so 1st Crusade was Christian success Eventually Muslims unite under Saladin, reconquer area Little impact on Muslims Much impact on Christians • Technology, weapons, science, medicine, regained Greek learning, textiles Exchange was mostly one-way Culture Expansion of trade and professional classes Urban prosperity (artisans) Literature-Persian Science-math, chemistry, astronomy, medicine, maps (practical things) Religious trends: orthodox/Sufis Islam in South Asia Carried by invaders/traders/Sufis/etc Earlier migrants to India had been absorbed into culture-Muslims didn’t Muslim civ. = Indian civ. Much interaction, both peaceful and violent Harsha (north India) • Forged alliances, united central and east • Period of peace and prosperity • Dies without successor Muslim invasions Political divisions result First wave (711) Muslim traders vs. pirates Muhammad ibn Qasim- Umayyad Little change for people – most did not convert (no reason to) Exchange of info (esp. science/math) Second wave Turkish slave dynasty (Mahmud of Ghazni)- 200 yrs. raiding in N. India Muhammad of Ghur-capital at Delhi Controlled Indus valley and N. India Next 300 yrs-succession of Muslim dynasties reign (sultans of Delhi) Based on military machines Patterns of conversion/accommodation Most conversions-peaceful Merchants/traders!!!!!! Sufi mystics Most from lower castes Buddhism declines Hindus took gov’t positions Muslims adopted some Hindu ideas “bad” for women Hindu revival Response to Muslims More emphasis on devotional cults(bhakti) Open to all (women/untouchables) Stressed strong emotional bond to gods Proves adaptability Results Brahmans vs. ulama Large Muslim community on Indian subcontinent Hindus still majority Hindus still thought Muslims would be absorbed (NOT!) SE Asia Carried by traders/Sufi mystics Shrivijaya collapses, opening for Muslims Peaceful and voluntary conversions Trade was key Malacca Conversion helped business Sufis adapted Islam to fit areas Women stronger position In Depth World religions –broad and flexible Islam-peaceful converts, adopted, flexible Accommodated diverse aspects