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ABC Book of Islam A - Abbasid The third of Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire; they overthrew the second of the Islamic Caliph’s, the Umayyad. B - Bedouins A desert-dwelling Arab ethnic group who were previously nomadic but are now mostly settled. C - Caliph The head of state in a Caliphate, translated to “Khalifat” meaning “successor.” D – Dome of the Rock An Islamic shrine which houses the Foundation Stone, arguably the holiest spot in Judaism. E – Elephant Elephants are used for many purposes in many Arabian countries: Transportation, food, and ivory for jewelry. F – Five Pillars of Islam Five duties given to every Muslim: • Profession of Faith • Prayers • Giving to the poor • Fasting • Pilgrimage to Mecca G – Ghazi Warrior A term for a Muslim warrior, in Turkish it means “Veteran.” H - Hadith Words or deeds of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad (saw). Usually used as moral guidelines. I - Imam Leader of the daily prayers said 5 times a day, also used to refer to the Caliph. J - Jannah The Arabic term for “heaven.” K – Ka’ba A cubical building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and is the holiest site in Islam; Muslims face the Ka’ba when they pray. L - Laat One of the 3 chief goddesses in Fertile Cresent mythology during the pre-Islamic era. M - Maghrib One of the 5 obligatory prayers that is said right after the sun passes the horizon. N - Noor A feeling of satisfaction a Muslim gets when he does something good, it literally means “light.” O- P - Prophet In religion, a prophet is a person who has encountered some divine being, typically an Angel. Q – Qur’an The central religious text of Islam, Muslims consider the Qur’an as the word of God. R – Ramadan A annual couple of months when Muslims fast all day and can only drink or eat early in the morning and after 7 PM. S – Sunni/Shiite split The Sunnis and the Shiites split over an argument about who Muhammad’s (saw) successor would be. T - Torah The holy Jewish book that Muslims also believe came from Allah through Moses, yet it is now considered obsolete to Muslim. V- W- X- Y- Z - Zoroastrianism