Download Ch. 1 Layers of the Earth

Philadelphia was the
first capital of the
United States.
1. Volcanoes
2. Seismic Waves
Seismic Waves:
There are 2 types of seismic waves. These
waves are called Primary Waves and
Secondary Waves.
1. P- Waves travel through solids, liquids, &
gases. And also travel at a faster rate than S-waves.
2. S- Waves; travel only through solids.
* Both waves will travel faster through more
ridged (dense) materials.
Layers of the Earth
As the Earth
formed, 3 factors
caused the earth to
get hot:
1. Meteorite
bombardment
2. Compression
3. Radioactive
Minerals
As the Earth
heated it
separated into
layers based
on density.
The heavier
elements sank
to the center,
and the lighter
ones came to
the surface.
the crust is made up of a thin,
solid layer covering the entire
earth’s surface. The crust’s
thickness ranges from 5 to 20
miles, it only makes up 1% of the
earth's volume.
There are two types of
crust:
Continental and
Oceanic:
The oceanic crust is
younger and more dense.
Due to its higher density,
when the two crust meet
the oceanic will subduct
(go under) the continental
crust.
The Moho is the boundary
between the earth’s crust and
mantel . In this area the speed
of seismic waves increase. Its
th
thickness is about a 6 of a
mile.
The mantle makes up 80 %
of the earth's volume.
The mantle is divided into
two layers.
The upper layer of the Mantle
is the lithosphere. The
lithosphere is made up of a
solid ridged rock layer.
2nd layer is the Asthenosphere.
Is twice the size of the
lithosphere.
It is made up of solid rock. But
because of the enormous heat
and pressure at this depth, the
solid rock has the ability to flow.
Last layer is
the core:
It’s volume is
19 %
1st layer is the Outer Core . Due to
great pressure and temperature and
the inner core spinning. This layer is
made of a liquid iron nickel material.
The last layer
is the inner
core. It is made
up of a dense
solid of iron &
nickel.
It is believed to be made
up of Iron and Nickel
because of the way the
Earth’s gravitation pull
works between the Sun
and the Moon.
I have two arms, but fingers
none. I have two feet, but
cannot run. I carry well, but I
have found I carry best with
my feet off the ground. What
am I?