Download Geology and Layers of the Earth notes

Date:
Geologist & Entry:
Earth’s Interior
1. Geology: study of
Earth and processes
that shape Earth.
 A. Geologist = scientist that
study Earth
I. Constructive forces
 a. building up mountains
and landmasses
 i. earthquakes
 ii. volcanoes
II. Destructive forces
 a. slowly wear away
i. erosion
2. Basic Structure of Earth
A. crust The outermost layer
I. Thinnest - oceanic crust
Thickest - continental
crust
II. Lower Crust is also
called the lithosphere
Draw and label
III. Oceanic crust is basalt
and is more dense than
continental crust of granite
B. mantle is the largest layer
I. Top portion is called the
asthenosphere
II. Density increases with
depth due to increasing
pressure
III.Hot softened rock mostly
iron and magnesium
C. outer core is beneath
the mantle
I. It is a slow flowing liquid of
iron and nickel
II. Density, temperature and
pressure increase
III. Spinning of liquid creates
magnetic field
D. inner core Earth’s center
is solid, made mostly of
iron and nickel
I. Heaviest material
and most dense
layer
II.Hottest layer
3. A review wave movement
 Density of material = speed change
 More dense faster, less dense
slower
 Density change = direction change
 Greater the difference in density
the greater the direction changes
4. Mapping Earth’s Internal
Structure (How we know)
I. seismic waves change as
they travel through materials
with different densities
II.
densities increase with
depth as pressures
increase so waves travel
differently
III. Use
seismic
waves
used to
map
Earth’s
internal
structure
5. Layer Boundaries
A. Seismic waves travel
faster through a more
dense solid region, Slower
in the less dense liquid
region
 Solid = faster
 Liquid = slower
 More dense=faster
 Less dense=slower
C. Seismic waves speed up
when they pass from the
crust into the mantle
I. Mantle is more dense
D. Outer core is liquid because
secondary seismic waves do
not go through liquid
E. Primary waves slow down at
liquid outer core, speed up at
solid inner core
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Earth's layers