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Review Questions Chapters 1 & 3 Chapter 1 • • Explain the Theory of Spontaneous Generation List the contributions of the following scientists – – – – – – – – – – Egyptians Robert Hooke Anthony van Leeuwenhoek Edward Jenner Mathias Schleiden & Theodor Schwann J. Henle Louis Pasteur Joseph Lister Robert Koch Walter and Fanny Hesse – – – – – – – – Elie Metchnikoff Christian Gram Dmitri Iwanowski Paul Ehrlich F. Payton Rous Alexander Flemming John Tyndal Ferdinand Cohn • List 5 beneficial applications of bacteria • Name the main prokaryotic groups and describe their properties Cont. Chapter 1 • • • • • List the Eukarya microbial members Define nomenclature and explain how it is used by the scientific community Define the term infectious agents and give examples. Describe the characteristics of each of the three types of infectious agents Compare the differences in sizes between members of the microbial world • • • • • List 7 emerging diseases and briefly describe each one. Describe one chronic disease caused by bacteria Name two diseases that have been eradicated and briefly describe them. Differentiate between biotechnology and genetic engineering. List 3 reasons why there is a resurgence of infectious diseases Chapter 3 • Describe the following microscopes: – – – – – – – – • • Bright-field Phase-contrast Interference Dark-field Fluorescent Confocal scanner laser Electron Atomic force Explain the differences between Electron microscopes and Atomic Force microscopes List and describe two differential stains • • • • • • • • Describe the procedure for Gram stain List and describe 3 special stains Describe how fluorescent dyes work List and describe the most common shapes of bacteria Explain binary fission List 3 typical bacterial cell grouping Explain the function of the cytoplasmic membrane in energy transformation Explain the process of simple diffusion and osmosis Cont Chapter 3 • • • • • • • • Explain facilitated diffusion or passive transport Define transport proteins Define active transport Describe the 2 primary mechanisms of active transport Explain group translocation List the differences between the cell wall of a gram positive bacteria and a gram negative Describe the cell wall of the domain Archea Contrast capsule and slime layers • • Describe the function of each structure in a flagella Define the following terms: – – – – • • • Chemotaxis phototaxis aerotaxis magnetotaxis Explain what is a pili and its function List 6 internal structures in a bacteria and their function Contrast between a capsule and an endospore Cont Chapter 3 • Compare between prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell structures • Explain the process of endocytosis and exocytosis • Describe the structure and fuction of the cytoskeleton, flagella, and cilia • Describe the funcion of the nucleous, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes.
