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GramNegative Bacteria Ellim Kim What is Gram-Negative Bacteria? Violet = gram-positive Red = gram-negative Bacteria (Kingdom: Eubacteria) that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining protocol Gram staining differentiates bacteria by the chemical and physical properties of their cell walls by detecting peptidoglycan, which is present in a thick layer in Gram-positive bacteria General Characteristics Aerobic rods with flagella at the poles General Characteristics Excrete extracellular pigment by diffusing it into the local environment General Characteristics Ability to use nitrate (NO3-) instead of oxygen as a final electron acceptor Process of anerobic respiration yields considerable energy Could be a problem because it robs the soil of nitrate in the metabolism Example :: E. Coli Most E. colis strains are harmless, but some stereotypes can cause serious food poisoning in humans Thought to be associated with food poisoning Pathogenic strains of the bacterium cause disease