* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Macromolecules ( Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids )
Survey
Document related concepts
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Protein moonlighting wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
DNA nanotechnology wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Macromolecules ( Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids ) Bell work • This should be completed silently: –Write down 5 things you ate in the last 24 hours. • If you don’t remember or didn’t eat, write down 5 things you would typically eat in a 24 time period. • Classify them as a sugar, protein, or fat Diet analysis Fruit vegetables Grains Protein Dairy(Lipids Sugars) Lab- Testing for Macromolecules • Lab Safety – Goggles must worn • Clean up of your area – Glassware, well dishes, trash and countertop Follow along as I demo lab set up on the board. Frayer Model note taking • Definition/Functions • Monomer and Polymer • Examples • Pictures Carbohydrates Definition: molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they include sugars and starches. Carbohydrates Monomer: each subunit in the complete molecule ( Monosaccharide ) Polymer: large molecule, or macromolecule, made of many monomers bonded together ( Polysaccharide ) Carbohydrates Function: • Broken down to provide a source of usable chemical energy for cells: • Starch: made and stored by plants • Glycogen: made and stored by animals Carbohydrates Function: • Major part of plant cell structure: • Cellulose: makes up the cell wall that is the tough outer covering of plant cells Carbohydrates Structure ( glucose ): Carbohydrates Structure ( Sucrose ): Carbohydrates Structure ( Starch ): Carbohydrates Structure ( Glycogen ): Carbohydrates Structure ( Cellulose ): Carbohydrates Examples? Think-Pair-Share • Why are carbohydrates important to your diet? – Think- Silently, write your answer in your notes – Pair- When I tell you to discuss your answer with your shoulder partner – Share- When I ask raise your hand to share with the class Lipids Definition: nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol. Most lipids contain chains of carbon atoms bonded to oxygen and hydrogen atoms. Lipids Monomer: each subunit in the complete molecule ( Fatty acids ) Polymer: large molecule, or macromolecule, made of many monomers bonded together ( Lipid ) Lipids Function: • Broken down as a source of usable energy for cells • Fats ( animals ) and Oils ( plants ) ( Two familiar types of lipids ) Lipids Function: • Part of a cell’s structure: • Phospholipid: consists of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group. • Cholestrol: a lipid that has a ring structure. Lipids Function: • Body uses it ( Cholestrol ) to make chemicals called steroid hormones. – Functions of Cholesterol-based steroids: - Regulate body’s response to stress - Control sexual development and the reproductive system ( testosterone and estrogen ) Lipids Structure ( Triglyceride – has three fatty acids and a molecule of glycerol, but no phosphate group ): Lipids Structure ( Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids ): Lipids Structure ( Phospholipid ): Lipids Structure ( Cholestrol ): Lipids Examples? Think- Pair- Share • Why are lipids important to your dietary needs? – Think- Silently, write your answer in your notes – Pair- When I tell you to discuss your answer with your shoulder partner – Share- When I ask raise your hand to share with the class Proteins • Proteins are basic molecular building blocks of cells and all parts of animals. • Proteins are among the largest organic molecules. Proteins • Monomer – Amino acids • Polymer – Proteins • What do they do – – – – – – – Enzymes Structural support Storage Transport Hormones Receptors Motor/contractile What is a Protein • There are 20 total different amino acids. • Amino acids have carboxyl and amino groups—the R group/side chain differs and determines the amino acid’s properties. Enzymes • Only certain parts of a protein are chemically active. • The shape of a protein determines which active sites are exposed. Proteins • Protein molecules are made of smaller molecules called amino acids. • Your cells combine different amino acids in various ways to make new and different proteins. Nucleic Acids • Nucleic acids are compounds made of long, repeating chains called nucleotides. • Each nucleotide contains: 1. a sugar molecule 2. a phosphate molecule, and 3. a base molecule. Two Types of Nucleic Acids DNA • Sugar – Deoxyribose RNA • Sugar – Ribose DNA and nucleic acids • DNA is a nucleic acid . • A DNA molecule is put together like a twisted ladder. This model shows a short piece of the flattened DNA ladder. A DNA molecule is usually twisted and much longer. DNA • Each side of the ladder is made of: – 5-carbon sugars called deoxyribose – and phosphate groups. DNA • There are four nitrogen bases in two matched pairs. White board practice Which macromolecule is it? Which Macromolecule is it? How do you know this is a carbohydrate? How do you know this is a lipid? Which macromolecule is this?