Download Macromolecules ( Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids )

Macromolecules
( Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids )
Bell work
• This should be completed silently:
–Write down 5 things you
ate in the last 24 hours.
• If you don’t remember or didn’t eat, write
down 5 things you would typically eat in a
24 time period.
• Classify them as a sugar, protein, or fat
Diet analysis
Fruit
vegetables
Grains
Protein
Dairy(Lipids
Sugars)
Lab- Testing for
Macromolecules
• Lab Safety
– Goggles must worn
• Clean up of your area
– Glassware, well dishes, trash and countertop
Follow along as I demo lab set up on the
board.
Frayer Model note taking
• Definition/Functions
• Monomer and Polymer
• Examples
• Pictures
Carbohydrates
Definition:
molecules composed
of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen, and they
include sugars and
starches.
Carbohydrates
Monomer: each subunit in the complete
molecule ( Monosaccharide )
Polymer: large molecule, or
macromolecule, made of many monomers
bonded together ( Polysaccharide )
Carbohydrates
Function:
• Broken down to provide a source of usable
chemical energy for cells:
• Starch: made and stored by plants
• Glycogen: made and stored by
animals
Carbohydrates
Function:
• Major part of plant cell structure:
• Cellulose: makes up the cell wall that
is the tough outer covering of plant
cells
Carbohydrates
Structure ( glucose ):
Carbohydrates
Structure ( Sucrose ):
Carbohydrates
Structure ( Starch ):
Carbohydrates
Structure ( Glycogen ):
Carbohydrates
Structure ( Cellulose ):
Carbohydrates
Examples?
Think-Pair-Share
• Why are carbohydrates important to
your diet?
– Think- Silently, write your answer in your
notes
– Pair- When I tell you to discuss your answer
with your shoulder partner
– Share- When I ask raise your hand to share
with the class
Lipids
Definition: nonpolar molecules that
include fats, oils, and cholesterol. Most
lipids contain chains of carbon atoms
bonded to oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
Lipids
Monomer: each subunit in the complete
molecule ( Fatty acids )
Polymer: large molecule, or
macromolecule, made of many monomers
bonded together ( Lipid )
Lipids
Function:
• Broken down as a source of usable energy
for cells
• Fats ( animals ) and Oils ( plants )
( Two familiar types of lipids )
Lipids
Function:
• Part of a cell’s structure:
• Phospholipid: consists of glycerol, two
fatty acids, and a phosphate group.
• Cholestrol: a lipid that has a ring
structure.
Lipids
Function:
• Body uses it ( Cholestrol ) to make
chemicals called steroid hormones.
– Functions of Cholesterol-based steroids:
- Regulate body’s response to stress
- Control sexual development and the
reproductive system ( testosterone and
estrogen )
Lipids
Structure ( Triglyceride – has three fatty
acids and a molecule of glycerol, but no phosphate
group ):
Lipids
Structure ( Saturated and Unsaturated
fatty acids ):
Lipids
Structure ( Phospholipid ):
Lipids
Structure ( Cholestrol ):
Lipids
Examples?
Think- Pair- Share
• Why are lipids important to your dietary
needs?
– Think- Silently, write your answer in your
notes
– Pair- When I tell you to discuss your answer
with your shoulder partner
– Share- When I ask raise your hand to share
with the class
Proteins
•
Proteins are basic
molecular building
blocks of cells and
all parts of animals.
•
Proteins are among
the largest organic
molecules.
Proteins
• Monomer
– Amino acids
• Polymer
– Proteins
• What do they do
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Enzymes
Structural support
Storage
Transport
Hormones
Receptors
Motor/contractile
What is a Protein
• There are 20 total
different amino acids.
• Amino acids have
carboxyl and amino
groups—the R
group/side chain
differs and
determines the amino
acid’s properties.
Enzymes
• Only certain parts of a
protein are chemically
active.
• The shape of a
protein determines
which active sites are
exposed.
Proteins
• Protein molecules are
made of smaller
molecules called
amino acids.
• Your cells combine
different amino acids
in various ways to
make new and
different proteins.
Nucleic Acids
• Nucleic acids are
compounds made of
long, repeating chains
called nucleotides.
•
Each nucleotide
contains:
1. a sugar molecule
2. a phosphate
molecule, and
3. a base molecule.
Two Types of Nucleic Acids
DNA
• Sugar
– Deoxyribose
RNA
• Sugar
– Ribose
DNA and nucleic acids
• DNA is a nucleic acid
.
• A DNA molecule is
put together like a
twisted ladder.
This model shows a
short piece of the
flattened DNA
ladder.
A DNA molecule is
usually twisted
and much longer.
DNA
• Each side of the
ladder is made of:
– 5-carbon sugars
called deoxyribose
– and phosphate
groups.
DNA
• There are four
nitrogen bases in two
matched pairs.
White board practice
Which macromolecule is it?
Which Macromolecule is it?
How do you know this is a
carbohydrate?
How do you know this is a lipid?
Which macromolecule is this?