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Biotechnology DNA technology can be used in forensics, agriculture, and medicine Genetic Engineering • aka .. Genetic Modification » Make changes in DNA code by Inserting or Deleting specific genes » Use modern molecular biology techniques. 1) Recombinant DNA • Aka .. Gene Splicing • made by combining DNA from more than one source (often from very different species) 2) Gel electrophoresis • Uses an electric current • smaller fragments – faster • larger ones – slower • DNA fragments move to positive end + - A B DNA on murder weapon 3)Transgenic organisms carries a foreign gene, deliberately inserted into its genome. transgenic animal Mice--- immune system more like humans- can study them Livestock --- leaner meat transgenic plant Soybeans/corn/crops --- to produce insecticide so doesn’t have to be sprayed Also: Improved Nutritional Quality Insect Resistance Disease Resistance Drought Tolerance 4) Cloning Clone --- genetically identical copy replacing the nucleus of an unfertilized ovum with the nucleus of a body cell from the organism. first adult mammal cloned was Dolly in 1997 5) DNA Fingerprinting • Compare genetic similarities and differences between individuals. • often used to ID source of blood / tissue found at crime scenes. • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – Used to make several copies of DNA – Each PCR cycle doubles the number of DNA copies – After only 30 PCR cycles, the original DNA sequence is copied more than 1 billion times! 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 6) Gene Therapy • the insertion of normal or genetically altered genes into cells • usually to replace defective genes (cancer & genetic disorders) Eye cancer DNA Finger Printing Activity