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5.3.12.A
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Which of the following best explains why
enzymes are necessary for many
cellular reactions?
A. Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for
the reactions.
B. Enzymes change reactants from solid to
liquid during the reactions.
C. The reactions take up too much space in the
cell if enzymes are missing.
D. The reactions are too slow to meet the needs
of the cell if enzymes are missing.
D. The reactions are too slow to
meet the needs of the cell if
enzymes are missing.
If an animal cell is placed in distilled
water, it will swell and burst. The
bursting of the cell is a result of which
biological process?
A. active transport
B. enzyme activity
C. osmosis
D. respiration
C. osmosis
Frog experiments have shown that cells
that are more differentiated than others
are ______________ produce fully
developed adults.
A.unable to
B.less likely to
C.more likely to
D.always able to
C. more likely to
A carrot cell contains 18
chromosomes. Which of the
18
following diagrams illustrates
the correct number of chromosomes in
new cells produced by mitosis?
A.
C.
9
1
8
1
8
B.
9
1
8
1
8
D.
1
8
1
8
3
6
3
6
5
4
5
4
C.
18
18
18
A young patient is diagnosed with the genetic
disorder lactose intolerance, which results in
the inability to digest milk products due to a
missing enzyme called lactase. What is the
most likely cause of lactose intolerance in this
patient?
A. The patient is allergic to milk.
B. The patient stopped consuming milk products.
C. A disease destroyed .
D. A mutation occurred in the gene that is
responsible for producing lactose.
D. A mutation occurred in the
gene that is responsible for
producing lactose.
What occurs during the process
of photosynthesis?
A. Chemical energy is converted to light energy.
B. Light energy is converted into chemical energy.
C. Glucose is broken down to release energy.
D. Carbon dioxide and energy are released into
the atmosphere.
B. Light energy is broken down to
release energy.
Through a series of reactions known as
photosynthesis, plants use sunlight
energy to create which two important
products?
A. Soil and kinetic energy
B. Water and light energy
C. Carbon dioxide and radiant energy
D. Oxygen and chemical energy
D. Oxygen and
chemical energy
An ecologist evaluates a food chain that
has grass, beetles, sparrows, and
cats. Which of those organisms has
the highest biomass?
A.Grass
B.Beetles
C.Sparrows
D.Cats
A. Grass
Which statement describes all stable
ecosystems?
A. Herbivores provide energy for the
autotrophs.
B. The populations of predators are
dependent on the populations of the prey.
C. The number of autotrophs equals the
number of heterotrophs.
D. Consumers synthesize ATP from light
energy.
B. The populations of
predators are
dependent on the
populations of the prey.
In one of the steps of the carbon cycle, a person
exhales a molecule of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere. Which of the following is mostly
likely to happen next to the atom of carbon
in this molecule?
A. It may be used as part of a sugar in a plant.
B. It may become part of a protein in an animal.
C. It may be consumed as a fossil fuel is burned.
D. It may be decomposed into carbon and
oxygen by a bacterium.
A. It may be used
as part of a sugar
in a plant.
Which of the following
is most likely to lead
to an increase in the
number of frogs?
A. A decrease in mice.
B. A decrease in squirrels.
C. An increase in squirrels.
D. A decrease in rabbits.
A. A decrease in
mice.
If many trees are
removed from a
forest, what is the
most immediate
effect on the carbon
cycle in that forest?
A. Increased rates of decomposition.
B. Decreased use of atmospheric CO2.
C. Decreased combustion of fossil fuels.
D. Increased production of organic compounds.
B. Decreased use of
atmospheric CO2.
Environmental scientists are concerned that
pollution coming from a factory is contributing
to global warming. Which of the following
describes their most likely step?
A. Collecting water from nearby streams to test
for hydrogen content.
B. Testing skin samples from animals in the area
for bacterial infection.
C. Asking people who live near the plant about
their exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
D. Collecting air samples near the plant to test for
chlorofluorocarbons.
D. Collecting samples
near the plant to test
for
chlorofluorocarbons.
Plants use up carbon dioxide during
photosynthesis. What is the most
likely result of cutting down large
forests worldwide?
A. More carbon dioxide in the air and less oxygen.
B. Less carbon dioxide in the air and more oxygen.
C. More carbon dioxide in the air and more oxygen.
D. Less carbon dioxide in the air and less oxygen.
A. More carbon
dioxide in the air
and less oxygen.
Over time, the burning of fossil fuels has increased the
amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
How might this affect Earth?
A. There will be less sunlight and therefore less plant
growth.
B. It will create more oxygen in the atmosphere and
therefore less need for plants.
C. Earth’s average temperature will decrease, causing
sea levels to decrease due to the formation of
glaciers.
D. Earth’s average temperature will increase, resulting
in higher sea levels due to melting Arctic and
Antarctic ice.
D. Earth’s average
temperature will increase,
resulting in higher sea levels
due to melting Arctic and
Antarctic ice.
Pedigree charts can be
used to determine patterns
of inheritance for genetic
traits and disorders. Given
this pedigree chart, this
genetic trait must be...
A. autosomal recessive.
B. sex-linked recessive.
C. autosomal dominant.
D. sex-linked dominant.
A. autosomal recessive.
A recessive gene on the X chromosome codes for
muscular dystrophy. Males are more likely to
suffer from muscular dystrophy than females
because
A. muscular dystrophy is associated with high
testosterone levels.
B. males have two copies of the X chromosome.
C. males have only one copy of the X
chromosome.
D. females have no copies of the X chromosome.
C. males have only one copy of
the X chromosome.
This diagram shows a homologous
chromosome pair. The positions of
three genes are marked, and alleles
for traits corresponding to the genes
are indicated. For which alleles is the
chromosome heterozygous?
A. plant height and seed pod shape only
B. flower location and seed pod shape only
C. flower location, seed pod shape, and plant
height
D. plant height and flower location only
B. flower location and seed
pod shape only
Fireflies produce light inside their bodies. The enzyme
luciferase is involved in the reaction that produces the
light. Scientists have isolated the luciferase gene. A
scientist inserts the luciferase gene into the DNA of cells
from another organism. If these cells produce light, the
scientist knows that which of the following occurred?
A. The luciferase gene mutated inside the cells.
B. The luciferase gene was transcribed and translated.
C. The luciferase gene destroyed the original genes of the
cell.
D. The luciferase gene moved from the nucleus to the
endoplasmic reticulum.
B. The luciferase gene
was transcribed and
translated.
Hemophilia is an inheritable genetic disorder that prohibits
the proper formation of blood clots. The recessive gene
that causes hemophilia is located on the X-chromosome.
Given this information, which of the following
statements is true?
A. In order for a female offspring to be a hemophiliac,
her father must be a hemophiliac.
B. In order for a male offspring to be a hemophiliac,
his mother must be a hemophiliac.
C. In order for a male offspring to be a hemophiliac,
his father must be a hemophiliac.
D. In order for a female offspring to be a hemophiliac,
her mother must be a hemophiliac.
A. In order for a female
offspring to be a
hemophiliac,
her father must be a
hemophiliac.
Thousands of years ago, giraffes with short necks were
common within giraffe populations. Nearly all
giraffe populations today have long necks. This
difference could be due to:
A. Giraffes stretching their necks to keep their heads out
of reach of predators.
B. Giraffes stretching their necks so they could reach
food in higher trees.
C. A mutation in genetic material controlling neck size
occurring in some skin cells of a giraffe.
D. A mutation in genetic material controlling neck size
occurring in the reproductive cells of a giraffe.
D. A mutation in genetic
material controlling neck size
occurring in the reproductive
cells of a giraffe.
Scientists have concluded that snakes evolved from
an ancestor with legs. Which of the following
statements provides the best evidence for this
conclusion?
A. Most species of snakes live on land.
B. Snakes move extremely fast to catch their prey.
C. Snakes have a well-developed backbone and
muscular system.
D. Some species of snakes have limb buds during
their embryonic development.
D. Some species of
snakes have limb buds
during their embryonic
development.
Which of the following best explains how the fossil
record provides evidence that evolution has
occurred?
A. It indicates that forms of life existed on Earth
at least 3.5 billion years ago.
B. It indicates the exact cause of structural and
behavioral adaptations of organisms.
C. It shows how the embryos of many different
vertebrate species are very similar.
D. It shows that the form and structure of groups
of organisms have changed over time.
D. It shows that the form
and structure of groups
of organisms have
changed over time.
On island chains, like those shown, animal
populations that spread from the main
island (indicated by Kona) to other islands
can evolve into separate species. Which of
the following best explains what favors
speciation in these situations?
A. Predators on the main island can easily migrate to follow the
populations to the other islands.
B. Lack of disease on the other islands enables the populations to grow
and change without limit.
C. The physical separation of the islands limits gene flow and
interbreeding between the populations.
D. The climatic conditions of the islands allow the populations to breed
all year and produce several generations.
C. The physical separation of
the islands limits gene flow
and interbreeding between
the populations.
A barrier splits a population in two. The
barrier disappears after 750 years. The
two populations are reunited, but unable
to reproduce. What type of speciation
scenario is being represented?
A. Geographic isolation.
B. Parapatric speciation.
C. Behavioral isolation.
D. Migration.
A. Geographic isolation.
Make your wager
A.
B.
C.
D.
Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila equinoxialis equinoxialis
Drosophila willistoni
Drospphila equinoxialis caribbensis
A. Drosophila melanogaster