Download DNA Notes

Chromatin (62) – Thin strands of
DNA in the nucleus that contain
genetic material that directs the
cell’s functions.
Chromatid (97) – The identical rods
of chromatin in chromosomes.
11/12/13…. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
1. DNA is part of our definition of a living organism.
2. DNA is found in all living things.
3. DNA is the “blueprint” of life.
DNA NOTES
CREATURE DUE
PASS BACK TEST
11/13/13…. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
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Sugar + phosphate + base = nucleotide.
The sides of the DNA ladder are made of sugars and
phosphate atoms.
A always pairs with T in DNA.
C also pairs with G in DNA.
FINISH DNA NOTES
DNA VOCABULARY
DNA PROJECT ASSIGNED
DUE: 12/3
GO OVER TEST
PASS BACK GRADED WORK
DNA Notes
Using page 131 in your book, complete
the Discover Activity (write you answers
on your DNA Notes).
 Answers:

“Where are genes located?”
 “On chromosomes.”
 – – –/–•/– •– •/••••/•– •/– –– /– – /
– – –/ • • • / – – –/ – –/ • / • • • /
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DNA Notes

Genes control protein production in cells.
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Proteins help determine the size, shape,
color, and many other traits of an organism.
A gene is a section of DNA that contains
the information to code for one specific
protein.
The structure of DNA is called a
double helix.

Backbone/Sides
phosphate and
 sugars
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
Bases/Rungs

4 different Nitrogen containing bases
Adenine – A
 Thymine – T
 Guanine – G
 Cytosine - C

Adenine only pairs with Thymine
 Guanine only pairs with Cytosine
 The following is an example of a DNA
code. Can you write the matching code?
(Remember your pairs!)

CGGTA
 GCCAT
 AATTCGCTCTCCAATAGGCTTCA
 TTAAGCGAGAGGTTATCCGAAGT

Today 11/14
Color the structure of DNA using Mrs.
Woods’ Coloring guidelines
 Correctly build the structure of DNA
 Correctly say the word:


De oxy ribo nucleic acid
Chromosome
Nitrogen Bases
DNA Molecule
Chromosome
“This model—the double helix—with its
biological implications ranks as the
greatest contribution to biology since the
work of Darwin and Mendel, something
that is obvious enough from the fact that
the acronym DNA and the image of the
double helix are among the icons of late
twentieth-century culture” (17-18, 1999).
Collin Patterson
Nitrogen Bases
DNA Molecule
The Structure of DNA

The Backbone & the Bases…..2.28.1953
DNA is the Blueprint of Life
Genetic material is responsible for trait
similarities and differences between all
organisms.
 Nucleic Acids come in two major forms:
RNA and DNA. This chemical found in
all living things is the blueprint of life.

Mutations

A mutation is any change in a gene or
chromosome.
A mutation in a body cell (somatic), such as
a skin cell, will not be passed on to the
offspring.
 A mutation in a sex cell can be passed on
to an offspring.

Types of Mutations
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One or more base substitutions:
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One or more bases are deleted:
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Original sequence: ATTCGG
Substitution:
ATTAGG
Original sequence: ATTCGG
Deletion:
ATTGG
Chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis.
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Too many chromosomes
Not enough chromosomes
Effects of mutations
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A mutation is harmful if it reduces an
organisms chance for survival or reproduction.


A mutation is helpful if it increases an
organisms chance of survival or reproduction.

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Ex. Down Syndrome is caused by having 3
chromosomes instead of 2 in the 21st pair.
Ex. Sickle-cell disease is caused by a codominant allele.
If you get one allele, you are resistant to Malaria.
Some mutations are neutral.

Ex. Albinism, caused by a recessive allele, results in
lighter skin and hair pigment.