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Download 11.1. Introducing Gregor Mendel
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Chapter 14 Biology History Mendel Blending Concept of Inheritance • This theory stated that if parents were different, offspring would possess traits intermediate between those of parents. • Found to be incorrect by Mendel!! History Watson Crick Bacterial Genetic Engineering and BioWarfare Bacterial Genetic Mutation Mendel's law of segregation: • Organism contains two factors for each trait; • Factors segregate in formation of gametes; • Each gamete contains one factor for each trait. C. Modern Genetics • Homozygous genotypes possess two identical alleles for a trait (PP). • Heterozygous genotypes possess different allele for a particular trait (Pp). C. Modern Genetics • a. Dominant allele masks or hides expression of a recessive allele • b. Recessive allele is an allele that exerts its effect only in the homozygous state C. Modern Genetics • a. Genotype refers to the alleles an individual receives at fertilization. • b. Phenotype refers to the physical appearance of the individual. A. monohybrid crosses • A hybrid is the product of parent organisms that are true-breeding for distinctly different forms of a single trait. A. monohybrid crosses P generation = parents F1 generation = first-generation F2 generation = second-generation Multiplicative law of probability • Chance of inheriting a specific allele from one parent and a specific allele from another is 1/2 x 1/2 or 1/4 Figuring the Probable Results EE = 1/2 × 1/2 = ¼ eE = 1/2 × 1/2 = ¼ Ee = 1/2 × 1/2 = ¼ ee = 1/2 × 1/2 = 1/4 Additive law of probability is sum of individual probabilities of each way an event can occur; 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 3/4. F. Punnett Square Figures for You • In a Punnett square, all possible types of alleles are lined up vertically and horizontally • every possible combination is placed in squares. A. Dihybrid Crosses. • 1. A dihybrid cross is an experimental cross between two parent organisms that are true-breeding for different forms of two traits. The End.