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The Genetics of Evolution What is the relationship between the genes of a population and evolution? Standards: BI7. a. Students know why natural selection acts on the phenotype rather than the genotype of an organism. BI7. c. Students know new mutations are constantly being generated in a gene pool. BI8. c. Students know the effects of genetic drift on the diversity of organisms in a population. Objectives: SWBAT… Explain that new mutations are constantly being generated in a gene pool, and this can cause evolution. Understand the decrease in genetic diversity in a population caused by genetic drift. Where does the genetic variation come from for evolution? Gene pool-combined alleles for all the individuals in a population Genetic variation is stored in the gene pool Alleles-different forms of trait (eye color) Allele frequency-measure of how common an allele is in a population What are the five factors that can cause evolution? Genetic drift-allele frequencies can change due to chance alone Gene flow-the movement of alleles from one population to another, changes allele frequencies in each pop. Mutation-can form new alleles, creates genetic variation needed for evolution Sexual selection-certain traits may improve mating success Natural selection-certain traits can help survival, these traits increase in frequency What is gene flow? Gene flow-movement of alleles from one population to another Occurs when individuals of species move between populations Increases genetic variation What processes allow genetic drift to take place? Genetic drift-changes in allele frequency due to chance, decreases genetic diversity Bottleneck effect-GD that occurs after an event greatly reduces the size of the population. (overhunting) Founder effect-GD that occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area. (islands) Genetic Drift Bottleneck Effect Polydactyl (Amish) Summary Questions What is the gene pool of a population? Name two genetic factors that can cause evolution. Does genetic drift decrease or increase genetic diversity? What is the relationship between the genes of a population and evolution?