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Transcript
Mendel’s Laws of Heredity Why we look the way we look... What is heredity? • The passing on of characteristics ________ from parents to offspring • ____________is the study of heredity Mendel used peas... • They reproduce sexually • They have two distinct, male and female, sex cells called gametes • Their traits are easy to isolate Mendel crossed them • __________________- the uniting of male and female gametes • ___________- combining gametes from parents with different traits What Did Mendel Find? • He discovered different _______ and ________ that explain factors affecting heredity. Rule of Unit Factors • Each organism has two alleles for each trait • ___________ - different forms of the same gene • __________ - located on chromosomes, they control how an organism develops Rule of Dominance • The trait that is observed in the offspring is the _________ trait (uppercase) • The trait that disappears in the offspring is the ______ trait (lowercase) Law of Segregation • The two alleles for a trait must ___________ when gametes are formed • A parent randomly passes only one _______ for each trait to each offspring Law of Independent Assortment • The genes for different traits are inherited ________________ of each other. Phenotype & Genotype • _______________ - the way an organism looks • red hair or brown hair • ________________ - the gene combination of an organism • AA or Aa or aa Heterozygous & Homozygous • ______________- if the two alleles for a trait are different (Aa) • ______________- if the two alleles for a trait are the same (AA or aa) Dihybrid vs Monohybrid • ________Cross - crossing parents who differ in two traits (AAEE with aaee) • _____________ Cross crossing parents who differ in only one trait (AA with aa)