Download Slide 1

What is it?
Selective breeding
among live stock
and even dogs
have been around
since the
beginning of
time. Using
microbes to make
food and drinks
Charles Darwin
1809-1882
natural selection
Gregor Mendel
1822-1884
genetics (pea plants)
 Selective breeding has been around since the
beginning of time
 Humans have selected particular traits and bred
organisms to have these traits
 Don’t we as humans use selective breeding when
selecting our mates?
 Complete The Genetic Technology worksheet front
and back
Agriculture
2. Medicinal
3. Forensics
1.
Biotechnology and
Agriculture
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qn52Ed1q4rk
Genetic Engineering The process of
altering the genetic material of cells or
organisms to allow them to make new
substances.
We can do this because
DNA is the same from
One organism to nextJust a little different order of bases.
 GMO – genetically modified organism
 Organisms that have acquired one or more genes
artificially
 Transgenic organisms –
organisms that have acquired a gene from another
species or organism
ex – “super mice” in 1980’s used this in mice so that they
could produce a human protein needed for clotting.
Biotechnology and
food
Videos:
Cons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1H9WZGKQ
eYg
Pros:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cit1L
BHThy4
 Healthier farm animals
 Pest resistant plants – so grow more food
 Temperature, drought resistant, other environmental conditions
allow us to grow food where we couldn’t before creating greater
genetic diversity in different regions.
 May have an increase in nutrient value
Ex. India – 1992- salinity resistant crops (rice / wheat) has allowed
people to grow these in areas that would not normally sustain
crops.
Ex. Golden rice – transgenic variety created with more beta carotin
that could help prevent vitamin A deficiencies that lead blindness
in poorer nations
 New allergies may develop with these plants
 Pollen from GMO’s can spread to wild species and
change their genetics
 Unpredictable health effects – only been around since
1990’s so we do not know long term effects yet
 Insufficient government regulation – GMO’s are not
mandatory to label in grocery stores – yet
 May create unwanted effects in soil or surrounding
water supplies (ground water)
1. Gene therapy
 Alteration of afflicted individual’s genes for therapeutic
reasons.
 Try to supplement or replace a defective gene causing
the disease by inserting a normal allele into cells of
tissues that have the disorder.
2. Diagnose Disease:
 DNA technology used today to diagnose diseases even
before birth.
3. Vaccines
 A mutant of the pathogen (virus / bacteria) used to
stimulate our immune system to create defense against
the pathogen
 Some are genetically modified to be better.
 Genetically altered crops are now grown that can
synthesize certain vaccines and eaten by
 Complete DNA Medicine worksheet
 Read Scientific American article:
 Gene-Therapy Successes Spur Hope for Embattled Field
 By Erica Check Hayden
 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/gene-therapysuccesses-spur-hope-for-field/
Scientific analysis of evidence from a crime scent to be
used in investigations or court of law
1. DNA profiling;
 Can get DNA from any body fluid, small pieces of
tissue, hair, etc… left at the crime scene
 used to prove paternity
 Used to identify victim of a crime
 Ex. World trade center nearly ½ of victims identified by
DNA analysis
 Complete the following virtual labs :
 http://www.biotechnologyonline.gov.au/popups/int_d
naprofiling.html

 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/education/body/creat
e-dna-fingerprint.html
 Therapeutic hormones such as insulin and human
growth hormone are made by modified bacteria.
 Until now, insulin was recovered from slaughtered pigs
and cattle. Now can genetically modify bacteria to
produce human insulin.
 In past HGH recovered from cadavers, now bacteria
with modified DNA fragments chemically synthesize
HGH to help with dwarfism or other height deficits.
 Process of producing a genetically identical copy of a
living organism.
 Occurs naturally in bacteria during asexual
reproduction
 Types of artificial cloning
1. Gene cloning
2. Reproductive cloning
3. Therapeutic cloning
1. Gene Cloning
 Copies of genes or segments of DNA
 Used by scientists to make copies of genes they wish to
study
2. Reproductive Cloning
 Copies entire organism
3. Therapeutic Cloning
 Creating a cloned embryo for sole purposes of making
embryonic stem cells
 These cells can be used in experiments to understand
diseases and develop new treatments
 Issue – destroy embryo to use stem cells