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Cellular Respiration Chemical Pathways Foothill High School Science Department Chemical Energy & Food Energy 1 gram Glucose = 3811 calories but when is A Calorie Is NOT a calorie Foothill High School Science Department Chemical Energy & Food calorie (little c, energy unit) – Is The Energy Needed To • Raise 1g of Water • 1 degree Centigrade Calorie (Capital C) – Food Energy Unit – Equals 1000 calories Foothill High School Science Department Chemical Energy & Food Cells –Don’t BURN Glucose –They Gradually Release The Energy Stored In Glucose, Through Cellular Respiration Step #1 = Glycolysis Foothill High School Science Department Glycolysis Key Concept: During Glycolysis, 1. Glucose Is Broken In Half 2. To Produce Two Molecules Of Pyruvic Acid A Three Carbon Compound Foothill High School Science Department Glycolysis - Cytoplasm Invest Two ATP’s To Make Four ATP’s Foothill High School Science Department Net Gain = 2 ATP’s Glycolysis NAD+ …. Accepts 2 Electrons To Form… NADH NADH = Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Foothill High School Science Department Glycolysis The Purpose of Glycolysis is The Production of NADH Look Familiar? Foothill High School Science Department Overview of Cellular Respiration Key Concept: Cellular Respiration Is The Process That Releases Energy By Breaking Down Glucose In The Presence Of Oxygen Foothill High School Science Department Overview of Cellular Respiration Following Glycolysis – The Pyruvic Acids Have Two Choices If Oxygen is Present The Pyruvic Acid Is Moved Into The Mitochondria Where Cellular Respiration Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain If Oxygen is NOT Present The Pyruvic Acid Stays In The Cytoplasm Where Fermentation Alcoholic or Lactic Acid Foothill High School Science Department Cellular Respiration Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Glycolysis Oxygen Present? No Yes Aerobic Respiration Fermentation Mitochondria Foothill High School Science Department Fermentation Anaerobic Pathway = No Oxygen Key Concept: Two Types Of Fermentation: 1. Alcoholic Fermentation 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation Foothill High School Science Department Fermentation Why Ferment? 1. Frees Up NAD+ 2. Allows Glycolysis To Proceed – At least you get 2 more ATP Foothill High School Science Department Fermentation • Alcoholic Fermentation – Used By Yeasts & Other Microorganisms – Used To Make Bread, Beer, etc. • CO2 Released As Bubbles • Alcohol Bakes Out Foothill High School Science Department Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Pyruvic Acid + NADH Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ Foothill High School Science Department Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Anaerobic Metabolism Of Animal Cells Causes Pain & Fatigue Pyruvic Acid + NADH Lactic Acid + NAD+ Foothill High School Science Department Why Ferment? Net Gain = 2 ATP’s Because If You Can Ferment You Get To Fermentation LIVE! Foothill High School Science Department