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Transcript
The triplet code Starter A DNA molecule is 23% guanine. What percentage of each of the other bases would it contain? G = 23% C + G = 46% C = 23% A = 27% So A + T = 54% T = 27% (to make a total of 100%) Aims: •What is a gene? •How do genes code for polypeptides? A gene is a section of DNA nucleotides that codes for the sequence of amino acids that make up a particular polypeptide. Depending on the specific groups in each amino acid the polypeptide chain then forms secondary & tertiary structures The triplet code • Only 20 amino acids • Each amino acid has its own code of bases on the DNA • 3 bases code for an amino acid (triplet code) • 64 codes so some amino acid have more than one code. • In eukaryotes much of the DNA doesn’t code for amino acids – introns • Sections of DNA that code for a.a - exons • Introns found between and in genes Features of the triplet code • Few amino acids have only a single triplet code • Most have between 2-6 triplet codes each • Degenerate code • Always read in one direction • Start of a sequence is always the same triplet code – methionine • 3 triplet codes are stop codons • Code is non-overlapping and universal Understanding checkpoint An enzyme is a protein that is responsible for speeding up chemical reactions. An enzyme’s shape is crucial to it’s function. How would a change in one base result in an enzyme becoming non-functional? Aims: Explain to your partner •What is a gene? •How do genes code for polypeptides?