Download Food & Energy

Chap 2 Section 1
Food provides your body with materials for
growing and for repairing tissues. Food also
provides energy for everything you do.
Nutrients & Energy:
Substances in food that provide the raw
materials and energy.
Six Groups:
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins,
minerals, and water.
In addition to providing energy, carbohydrates
provide the raw materials to make cell parts.
Simple Carbohydrates:
Glucose: major source of energy for your
body’s cells.
Complex Carbohydrates:
Many sugar molecules linked together in a
chain. Starch & Fiber
In addition to providing energy, fats have other
important functions. Fats form part of the cell
membrane, the structure that forms the boundary
of a cell. Fatty tissue protects and supports your
internal organs and insulates your body.
Kinds of Fats
Saturated: solids, normally comes from meat.
Unsaturated: liquid, plants
Cholesterol:
Waxy, fatlike substance found only in animal
products. Important part of the body’s cells.
Liver can make the cholesterol your body
needs, making it an unnecessary part of the
diet.
Proteins are needed for tissue growth and repair.
They also play an important part in chemical
reactions within cells.
Amino Acids:
The small units which proteins are made up of,
there are about 20 different amino acids.
Your body can make about half of these, the others
are called essential amino acids, and must come
from the food you eat.
Complete Proteins:
Come from animal sources, such as meat and
eggs, they contain essential amino acids.
Incomplete Proteins:
Come from plant sources, such as beans,
grains, and nuts, they are missing one or more
essential amino acids.
1.
2.
3.
Are needed by the body in very
small amounts.
Do not provide the body with
energy or raw materials.
Help the body carry out
processes, are considered
“helper molecules”.
Fat-Soluble:
Dissolve in fat, and are stored in fatty
tissue in the body. Vitamins A, D, E, and
K.
Water-Soluble:
Dissolve in water, and are not stored in
the body, must replenish them everyday
by your diet.
A lack of certain vitamins in the diet can lead to
health problems.
A list of essential vitamin and minerals along
with their function are on next pages.
A:
Maintains healthy skin , bones, teeth, and
hair; aids vision in dim light.
D:
Maintains bones and teeth; helps in the use
of calcium and phosphorous.
E:
Aids in maintenance of red blood cells.
K:
Aids in blood clotting.
B1 (thiamin):
Needed for breakdown of
carbohydrates.
B2 (riboflavin): Needed for normal growth.
B3 (niacin):
Needed for release of energy.
B6 (Pyridoxine): Helps in the breakdown of
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
B12:
Maintains healthy nervous
system; needed for red blood cell
formation.
Biotin:
Aids in the release of energy.
Folic Acid: Needed for red blood cell formation.
C:
Needed to form connective tissue and
fight infection.
Pantothenic Acid: Needed for the release of
energy.
Calcium: Helps build bones and teeth; aids in
blood clotting; muscle and nerve
function.
Chlorine: Helps maintain water balance.
Fluorine: Helps form bones and teeth.
Iodine:
Helps in the release of energy.
Iron:
Needed for red blood cell function.
Magnesium:
Aids in muscle and nerve
function; helps in the release of
energy.
Phosphorus:
Helps produce healthy bones and
teeth; helps in the release of
energy.
Potassium:
Helps maintain water balance;
muscle and nerve function.
Sodium:
Helps maintain water balance;
nerve function.
Minerals: Nutrients that are not made by
living things. They are present in soil and are
absorbed by plants through their roots, you eat
the plant or the animals that ate the plant to get
them.
With out vitamins and minerals we could not
survive, they are needed by your body in small
amounts to carry out chemical processes.
Water is the most important nutrient because
the body’s vital processes- including chemical
reactions such as the breakdown of nutrientstake place in water.
Under normal conditions, you need to take in
about 2 liters of water everyday.