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Proteins Biology I Proteins: Multipurpose molecules Regents Biology 2006-2007 Proteins Examples muscle skin, hair, fingernails, claws collagen, keratin insulin pepsin pepsin digestive enzyme in stomach insulin hormone that controls blood sugar levels Biology I collagen (skin) Proteins Function: Biology I many, many functions hormones signals from one body system to another insulin movement muscle immune system protect against germs enzymes help chemical reactions Proteins Building block = amino acids amino amino amino amino amino acid – acid – acid – acid – acid 20 different amino acids H O H | || —N— —C—C—OH | H variable Biology I group There’s 20 of us… like 20 different letters in an alphabet! Can make lots of different words Amino acid chains Proteins amino acid amino acids chained into a polymer amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid Each amino acid is different Biology I some “like” water & dissolve in it some “fear” water & separate from it Water-fearing amino acids Hydrophobic “water fearing” amino acids try to get away from water in cell the protein folds Biology I Water-loving amino acids Hydrophillic “water loving” amino acids try to stay in water in cell the protein folds Biology I For proteins: SHAPE matters! Proteins fold & twist into 3-D shape that’s what happens in the cell! Different shapes = different jobs growth hormone Biology I hemoglobin pepsin collagen It’s SHAPE that matters! Proteins do their jobs, because of their shape Unfolding a protein destroys its shape wrong shape = can’t do its job unfolding proteins = “denature” temperature unfolded “denatured” pH (acidity) In Biology it’s the SHAPE that matters! Biology I folded Let’s EAT some Proteins! Biology I Activities demo raw egg vs. cooked egg drop raw egg into boiling water, like egg drop soup compare raw egg to hard-boiled egg demo cheese-making with heated milk Biology I & vinegar make yogurt