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Download First Five 8/26/11
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These molecules are all found in the human body. Water makes up a large portion of our body. Ammonia is found in urine as a waste product of breaking down proteins. Carbon dioxide is a waste product that we exhale. Biomolecules • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic acids What is the purpose of eating food? • to extract the organic compounds need to carry out chemical reactions (breaking down of proteins, carbohydrates) in our body What did you have for breakfast? So what makes up these biomelecules? • A smaller unit of molecules or monomer combines with other monomers to make a large molecule or polymer. • Mono means single • Poly means many Macromolecules • big molecules that are made up of smaller molecules Carbohydrates • • • • Most abundant of the biomolecules Storage and transport of energy Sugar and starch Structural component (cellulose in plants) C,H,O hexagon shape Carbohydrates ex: sugars (monomer) combine to form starch (polymer) glucose Proteins • Large compounds made of amino acids in a chain • Structural components of animal cells • includes enzymes that catalyze (speed up) reactions • Needed for metabolism & building muscle C,H,O,N Y shaped zig-zag Proteins Lipids • Fats, oils, waxes, & cholesterol • Energy storage • Structural component of cell membrane • insulation Lipids C,H,O long chain ex: glycerols (monomer) combine to form triglycerides (polymer) Nucleic Acids • made of nucleotides • make up and store genetic material • DNA/RNA code C,H,O,N,P ex: amino acids (monomer) combine to form protein (polymer) ex: nucleotides (monomer) combine to form nucleic acids (polymer) Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis What is happening during dehydration synthesis? • Dehydrate = to remove water • Synthesis = to make something • Water molecules form Monomers combine to form polymers • + H2O What’s happening during a hydrolysis reaction? • Hydro means water • Lysis means to break apart • Water (H2O) is used to break apart Polymers break apart to form monomers H2O • + Hydrolysis reaction
