Download What is DNA?

DNA
Study
Guide
1. What is DNA?
1. What is DNA?
DNA is the
blueprint of life.
Chromosomes are
made of DNA.
2. What does
DNA stand
for?
2. What does DNA stand
for?
DNA stands for
deoxyribonucleic
acid.
3. What does
DNA do?
3. What does DNA do?
DNA passes
down all of a
person’s genetic
information.
4. Where is DNA located?
(Be specific)
4. Where is DNA located? Be
specific.
DNA is located
in the
chromosomes in
the cell’s
nucleus.
5. How have we
described what
DNA looks like?
5. How have we described what
DNA looks like?
Twisted ladder,
double helix,
spiral staircase
6. What are the sides
“handrails” of the
ladder made up
of?
6. What are the sides “handrails”
of the ladder made up of?
Alternating
deoxyribose
(sugar) molecules
and phosphate
molecules
7. What are the
“stairs” or rungs of
the ladder composed
of?
7. What are the “stairs” or
rungs of the ladder
composed of?
Nitrogen
bases
8. What are the 4
nitrogen bases?
(include the words
and the letters)
8. What are the 4 nitrogen
bases? (include the words
and the letters)
adenine (A)
thymine (T)
guanine (G)
cytosine (C)
9. Why must
certain bases
pair up
exclusively with
other bases?
9. Why must certain bases pair
up exclusively with other
bases?
Each has a slightly
different shape. Each
side of the molecule is
complementary to the
other side.
10. What are the
pairs? (You may
use the letters if
you choose)
10. What are the pairs? (You
may use the letters if you
choose)
T and A
C and G
11. If there is 40 %
cytosine, how much
guanine is present?
How do you know?
11. If there is 40 % cytosine,
how much guanine is
present? How do you know?
40% because
they must be
equal
12. Whose rule states
that the bases
must be equal
amounts?
12. Whose rule states that the
bases must be equal
amounts?
Chargaff
13. Who are the four
scientists that
discovered the
shape of DNA?
13. Who are the four
scientists that discovered
the shape of DNA?
Franklin,
Wilkins,
Watson, Crick
14. What is the
process by which
DNA makes a
copy of itself?
14. What is the process by
which DNA makes a
copy of itself?
DNA
replication
15. What do you call
the set of rules by
which information
in genetic material is
translated into
proteins by living
cells?
15. What do you call the
set of rules by which
information in genetic
material is translated
into proteins by living
cells?
genetic code
16. The code defines
a mapping
between how
many amino
acids? What is this
sequence called?
16. The code defines a
mapping between how
many amino acids?
three
What is this sequence
called?
a codon
17. What is DNA
fingerprinting?
17. What is DNA fingerprinting?
The process where
DNA is cut into
segments at specific
places and then used to
compare and identify
the DNA of different
individuals
18. The chance of any two
individuals have one site in
common is 1 in 50. By
comparing 4 different
places along a chromosome,
you increase the chances of
two individuals having
identical sites to 1 in how
many?
18. The chance of any two
individuals have one site in
common is 1 in 50. By
comparing 4 different places
along a chromosome, you
increase the chances of two
individuals having identical
sites to 1 in how many?
10 billion
19. DNA
fingerprinting
can be created
from body fluids
and _______.
19. DNA fingerprinting can be
created from body fluids
and _______.
Hair roots
20. When is it not
impossible for 2
people to have
the same DNA
fingerprint?
20. When is it not impossible
for 2 people to have the
same DNA fingerprint?
If they are identical
twin, triplets, or
quadruplets (come
from the same egg
and sperm)
21. In a DNA
fingerprint, how
are DNA
fragments
separated from
each other?
21. In a DNA fingerprint, how
are DNA fragments
separated from each other?
They are
separated by
their size
22. What is a
DNA
mutation?
What causes it
to occur?
22. What is a DNA mutation?
What causes it to occur?
A mutation is a change in
the order of the bases.
They can be caused by
copying errors, exposure
to ultraviolet light,
radiation, chemical
mutagens, or viruses.
23. What is a Codon?
A codon is a sequence of
3 nitrogen bases.
24. The instructions for making
proteins is found where?
The instruction for
making proteins is found
on a gene.
25. Ribosomes read the code on
what?
Ribosomes read the code
on mRNA.
26. What is a nucleotide?
A nucleotide is a
subunit of DNA.
27. How much DNA is in a
human cell?
A human cell contains
2 meters (m) of DNA.
28. What is a gene?
A gene is a string of
nucleotides that have
the instructions for a
certain trait.
29. How many nitrogen bases
make an amino acid?
A group of 3 nitrogen
bases code for an
amino acid.
30. Where is uracil found?
Uracil is found in
RNA.