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Download 1 Types of Chemical Reactions
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Transcript
Since atoms and molecules are too small to see chemical changes are detected by the following observations: A colour change occurs. A new gas with different properties is formed. Sudden dramatic changes in temperature occur. A new solid suddenly appears. Chemical Changes are represented by word equations and chemical equations. When propane gas burns in air it produces carbon dioxide and water. The word equation for this reaction is: Reactants Products propane + oxygen => carbon dioxide + water are consumed are produced The chemical equation is: C3H8 + 5 O2 -----> 3 CO2 + 4 H2O The balanced equation is: Types of Chemical Reactions During chemical changes new substances with different physical and chemical properties are formed. Chemical reactions can be grouped into categories depending on the nature of the chemical reaction. For example during a decomposition reaction a single substance can break apart into several different substances. Decomposition Notice the intact particle on the left breaks apart into multiple particles on the right. Decomposition Potassium chlorate can be made to decompose using heat. When it decomposes it forms potassium chloride and oxygen gas. 2 KClO3 2 KCl 3 O2 Single Displacement This type of reaction is similar to a single person at a dance “butting” in and stealing someone’s partner. Single Displacement If copper metal is placed in a solution of silver nitrate the silver will replace the copper. Cu + 2AgNO3 2Ag Cu(NO3)2 See chapter 4, lesson 16 , Saunders Interactive Chemistry Double Displacement guy girl guy girl This type of reaction is similar to a partner “swap”. Remember only guy - girl pairings. Double Displacement If potassium iodide is placed in a solution of lead(II) nitrate the products are Potassium nitrate and lead(II) iodide PbI2 2 KNO3 2 KI + Pb(NO3)2 See chapter 4, lesson 16 , Saunders Interactive Chemistry Synthesis When 2 or more substances combine to form a substance with larger molecules it is called a synthesis. Proteins are synthesized from 20 different amino acids. Synthesis If hydrogen gas is burned in the presence of oxygen gas water vapour is synthesized. 2 H2 + O2 2 H2O Combustion Reactions occur when fuels are combined with oxygen. The products are water vapour and carbon dioxide if it is a complete combustion. Incomplete combustions produce carbon monoxide and water and/or carbon and water. Here is an example of a complete combustion: butane + oxygen C4H10 +13O2 2 carbon + water dioxide 4CO2 + 5 H2O
