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Chapter 2, section 1 The Six Characteristics of Living Things Review All Living Things 1. Have cells covered by membrane 2. Sense and respond to change A change that causes an organism to react is stimuli Homeostasis • Maintaining a constant, internal environment All Living Things 3. Reproduce Sexual – 2 parents, similar offspring Asexual – 1 parent, identical offspring 4. Have DNA Heredity • Passing traits to the next generation All Living Things 5. Use energy All the chemical activities that an organism performs are called Metabolism. ex: Taking in food, breaking down food (digestion), moving materials into and out of cells All Living things 6. Grow and develop Chapter 2, section 2 Review Four things all organisms need: 1. Water – Used in all • Chemical reactions 2. Air- O2 and CO2 3. Food 4. A place to live Organisms get their food in different ways. • Some make their own food. They are • Producers Organisms get their food in different ways. • Some eat other organisms for food. They are • Consumers Organisms get their food in different ways. • Some consumers get food by breaking down dead organisms or waste. They are • Decomposers Proteins • Large molecules made up of small molecules called • Amino acids Jobs of proteins • Protect cells • Repair cells • Help cells grow Two special proteins: • The protein that binds to oxygen to deliver and release oxygen throughout the body: • hemoglobin • The protein that starts or speeds up chemical reactions in cells: • enzymes Carbohydrates • Molecules made up of • Sugars Jobs of carbohydrates • Give energy • Store energy • Release energy when they are broken down. Types of Carbohydrates • Have one or a few sugar molecules. Easy to break down: • Simple carbohydrates (chocolate, candy) • Have hundreds of sugar molecules. Take longer to break down: • Complex carbohydrates (whole gran pasta, bread, etc.) Lipids • Are compounds that can’t mix with Water • Examples: • Butter, margarine, olive oil Jobs of Lipids • • • • Store energy: Fats and oils Form the membranes of cells: Phospholipids: lipid + phosphorous make the cell membranes ATP • Adesonine Triphosphate • Main source for cells • Comes from breaking down the carbs and lipids (NOT protein!!) • Used to fuel your metabolism Nucleic Acids • • • • • • Blueprints of life! Contain the energy to make: Proteins Large molecules made up of : Nucleotides The nucleic acid that gives direction and information to cells is: • DNA Review • Plants store extra sugar as lipids, starch, proteins, or nucleic acids: • STARCH! Review • Fats and oils are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, or nucleic acids. • LIPIDS! Review • The protein ________________________ delivers and releases oxygen throughout the body. • HEMOGLOBIN! Review • _____________________________ are made up of one sugar molecule or a few sugar molecules linked together • SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES!