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Transcript
Pathways • Anabolic pathways – Synthetic – Reductive – Endergonic • Catabolic pathways – Degradative – Oxidative – Exergonic Linked by ATP and redox cofactors ATP a "high energy" compound Wrong Why is ATP "high energy"? • Charge repulsion of phosphates • Increase in entropy (number of molecules increases) • Resonance stabilization of product ATP a "high energy" compound Wrong In cell, G= -10 to –14 kcal/mol Group Transfer Reactions Other energy transfers • Redox reactions – Catabolic is ? – Anabolic is ? • Redox potential energy – Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) – Flavin adenine dinucleotide NAD+ and NADH Focus on glucose • Major fuel for animals • Major fuel for plants • Central to metabolism of – Amino acids – Fats/fatty acids We're going to look at breakdown and synthesis of glucose Catabolism of glucose • Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway) • Aerobic respiration – Glycolysis – Kreb's cycle (TCA cycle, citrate cycle) – OXPHOS C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy • Anaerobic respiration – Lactate (lactic acid) production – Fermentation—ethanol production Glycolysis