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Welcome to… DNA Review 1 Everybody Ready? Are you sure? 2 What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonuleic acid 3 How are the two strands of DNA arranged? In a spiral shape or double helix. 4 Name the 3 structures found in a nucleotide. •Phosphate •Sugar •Nitrogen Base 5 In DNA, Adenine always matches up with…? Thymine 6 In DNA, Cytosine always matches with…? Guanine 7 Name the 4 bases in alphabetical order. • Adenine • Cytosine • Guanine • Thymine 8 What are the two purines? Adenine and guanine 9 What are the pyrimidines? Thymine and cytosine 10 Where is DNA found? In the nucleus of a cell. 11 What is the main purpose of DNA? To make proteins within a cell 12 What does RNA stand for? Ribonucleic Acid 13 What base does RNA have that is different? Uracil 14 What is tRNA? Transfer RNA 15 What is the sequence of bases on DNA that code for a specific trait called? A gene 16 What does mRNA stand for? Messenger RNA 17 What is a string of amino acids called? A protein 18 The process of duplication of DNA is called? Replication 19 How is mRNA different from DNA (3 ways) • It is single stranded and can leave the nucleus by passing through the nuclear pores • The sugar is ribose instead of deoxyribose • RNA does not have the nitrogen base thymine (uracil instead). 20 Three nucleotides on mRNA are called? A codon 21 What is an anticodon? It is the tRNA that matches base pairs (complimentary) with mRNA. 22 The process by which RNA is produced from DNA is? Transcription 23 On which type of RNA is the anticodon found? tRNA 24 What is the purpose of mRNA ? •To arrange amino acids in the correct order to make a particular protein. •To take the DNA message to the ribosome. 25 Where does the mRNA go when it leaves the nucleus? Carries the genetic message to the cell’s ribosomes. 26 Where does translation take place? At the site of the ribosomes 27 Changing an mRNA message into the protein is called? Translation 28 How many letters are in a genetic word? three 29 Match these pairs (DNA) • • • • • • • Adenine Tymine Guanine Cytosine Cytosine Tymine Guanine • • • • • • • Tymine Adenine Cytosine Guanine Guanine Adenine Cytosine 30 Match these pairs (RNA) • • • • • • • Guanine Adenine Adenine Tymine Cytosine Tymine Guanine • • • • • • • Cytosine Uracil Uracil Adenine Guanine Adenine Cytosine 31 Match tRNA with the mRNA • • • • • • AAA CGA GAU GUU UAU CAU • • • • • • UUU GCU CUA CAA AUA GUA 32 The formation of proteins using information coded on DNA and carried out by RNA is called? Protein synthesis Gene Expression 33 What is a polypeptide? A protein chain made of amino acids 34