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Chapter 3: Egoism Are people basically selfish or unselfish? Egoism – two kinds - Descriptive (psychological) - Normative (ethical) • Psychological Egoism - People are basically selfish - People act in their own interest Chapter 3 continued Ethical Egoism - What we ought to do – how we ought to act - Individual ethical egoism - Universal ethical egotism Chapter 3 continued Evaluating Ethical Egoism - Its grounding in psychological egoism - Its consistency or coherence - Its derivation from economic theory - Its conformity to commonsense moral views Chapter 3 continued The Moral Point of View ◦ Does one have to take a particular point of view to see things morally ◦ An example of moral education by W. D. Falk Why be moral? ◦ An individual choice ◦ Self interested reasons to be moral ◦ The sacrifice for morality Chapter 3 continued Reading: The Ring of Gyges ◦ The nature and origin of justice ◦ The example of Gyges’ Ring ◦ The judgment of the lives of the just and unjust ◦ Adeimantus presents his views ◦ Are Glaucon and Adeimantus correct? Chapter 3 continued Reading: Self-Love ◦ Two types of bodily motion ◦ - Vital ◦ - Voluntary Key words o Appetite (desire) o Aversion o Love and hate o Contempt Chapter 3 continued ◦ Reading: Self-Love ◦ The three causes of quarrel 1. Competition 2. Diffidence 3. Glory ◦ War and peace Chapter 3 continued ◦ Reading: Upon the Social Nature of Man ◦ The natural principle of benevolence in man ◦ Several passions and affections lead to public and private good ◦ The reflections of man affects his decisions