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Plant Structure & Function Mrs. Griffin Photosynthesis Review • Cross Section of Leaf Photosynthesis Review • Equation? Light – 6H2O + 6CO2 ----------> C6H12O6+ 6O2 • What do plants give us? • Site for gas exchange? – Stomata Introduction to Plants • Multicellular or unicellular? • Carry out photosynthesis using the green pigments chlorophyll a and b • What do plants need to survive? – Sunlight, H2O & minerals, gas exchange movement of water and nutrients Early Plants • The first plants evolved from organisms much like the green algae living today – Photosynthetic pigments – DNA sequence, close relationship – Fossils- similarities to today's mosses Bryophytes • Mosses & their relatives are generally called bryophytes, or NONVASCULAR, plants. • Depend on water for reproduction • Why non-vascular? • Draw water up by osmosis Mosses, liverworts, hornworts Seedless Vascular Plants • Fossil evidence shows ~420 million years ago moss-like plants were joined w/ other plants species • These new plants were the 1st to have a transport system w/ vascular tissue • What is the function of vascular tissue? – Transport water & nutrients Vascular Tissue • Tracheids are the key cells in xylem, the transport system that carries water upward from roots • Phloem, second vascular tissue that transports nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis. • Transpiration? Seed Plants • Over 1 million years plants with the capability to form seeds became the most dominant group of photosynthetic organisms on land. Seed Plants • Gymnosperms bear their seeds directly on the surface of cones • Angiosperms, “flowering plants,” bear their seeds w/in a layer of tissue that protects the seed Angiosperms: Flowers & Fruits • Angiosperms, “enclosed seed,” develop unique reproductive organs known as flowers • Flowers contain ovaries, which surround and protect the seeds • Fruit- a wall of tissue surrounding the seed Flowering Parts Stigma Anther Style Pollen Ovary Filament Ovules Sepal Petal Stamen Pistil Diversity of Angiosperms • Incredibly diverse group…. • Categories provide a way of organizing diverse angiosperms • Two classes w/in angiosperms: monocotyledons (monocots) & dicotyledonae (dicots) • Names for the number of seed leaves, or cotyledons in the plant embryo. Diversity of Angiosperms • Monocots have one seed leaf, and dicots have two • Cotyledon is the 1st leaf or 1st pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant Characteristics of Monocots & Dicots