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Download Plant Unit: part 1
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Algae Autotrophic protists Unicellular and multicellular Aquatic Multicellular algae much like plants Five phylaVolvox 1. Chrysophyta (golden) 2. Pyrrophyta (fire) 3. Rhodophyta (red) 4. Phaeophyta (brown) 5. Chlorophyta (Green) – Modern plants believed to evolve from this algae Spirogyra Alage K E L P Algae are very commercially useful Used to thicken everything from toothpaste to ice cream Kelp harvested every day on California coast Can grow a foot a day!! Can be 60 meters long! Plantae Try to live without them! Plants Autotrophic- produce food through photosynthesis multicelluar Have cell walls made of cellulose eukaryotic Green Non motile Limited communication Cuticle- waterproof coating with pores called stomata Adapted from green algae for life on land Oldest and Biggest Bristlecone Pine Giant Sequoias Taxonomy Monocots Dicots Bryophytes- Non Vascular Plants Non vascular - must transport water and nutrients by diffusion and osmosis as a result they have limited size and live in moist climates Like all plants they exhibit alternation of generations but gametophyte is the dominant form Three classes: Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts (wort – Early English for plant) Moss Capsule Alternation of Generation Alternation of Generation Archegonium-the “female” gamete producing structure Antheridium- the “male gamete” producing structure Gametophyte- haploid plant that produces gametes Sporophyte- diploid plant that produces spores Moss life cycle Mosses are pioneer plants Sphagnum moss forms peat bogs source for peat moss and coal from ancient bogs Tracheophytes Vascular plants Vascular system found in all three structures roots, stems and leaves Xylem is the vascular tissue that transports water and minerals up from the roots Phloem is the vascular tissue that carries sugars and organic materials from the leaves where they are produced In vascular plants the sporophyte is the dominant generation Seedless Vascular Plants Without seeds these plants reproduce sexually in moist environments Psilophyta- whisk ferns Sphenophyta- horsetails Lycophyta- club mosses Pterophyta- ferns Club Moss Ferns Seed plants Seeds allow plants to develop in unfavorable conditions reproduction doesn’t rely on moist environments There are two types of seeded plants Gymnosperms produce their seeds in cones and generally keep their leaves all year Angiosperms produce flowers, bear their seeds in fruit and in general lose their leaves annually Gymnosperms Means “naked seeded” About 700 species Conifers (cone bearer) by far the biggest group (pines, spruces ,firs, cedars, redwoods) Cycads ruled long ago,but today only 11 genra remain Ginkgoes are also living fossils, only one species remains Angiosperms Angiosperms are flowering plants Of 250,000vascular plants 235,000 are angiosperms Seeds enclosed in fruit Angiosperms are classified by the number of cotyledons in their seeds: Monocots- one cotyledon Dicots- two cotyledons Angiosperms Monocots and dicots also have other distinguishing characteristics Most woody plants are dicots Most herbaceous plants are monocots Cotyledon. The first leaf or one of the first pair or leaves developed by the embryo of a seed plant