Download Gymnosperms & Angiosperms - Effingham County Schools

Gymnosperms & Angiosperms
I. Gymnosperms – do not produce flowers or
fruits but do produce seeds.
A. Largest groups of gymnosperms are the
conifers. Ex: pine trees
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Conifers have 2 types of cones; male and female
Male cones produce pollen that carry sperm cells
Female cones produce eggs
Pollination occurs by the wind
After pollination, the fertilized egg develops into a
seed
B. Conifers are an important source for building
materials and paper products
II.
Angiosperms – produce flowers, fruits, and seeds and
are the most abundant plants on Earth.
A. Two main types of Angiosperms; Monocots and Dicots
Monocots
Dicots
2 seed leaves
1 seed leaf
Parallel
veins
Branched veins
Flower parts
in 3
Flower parts
in 4 or 5
Vascular
bundles
scattered
Vascular
bundles in
rings
Fibrous Roots
Taproot
B. Pollination occurs mostly by animals (best
adaptation!)
Many angiosperms have mutual relationships with
animals like insects, bats, or birds. As animals
gather nectar from flowers, they also transfer pollen
from flower to flower. Many species are flower
specific- only gather nectar from one type of flower.
After pollination and fertilization, seeds develop
inside protective fruits.
C. Angiosperms are the main source of food for all
animals on earth including humans. Rice, wheat,
barley, grasses – all are angiosperms. They are also
used in medicines, clothing, and other products.
Label the picture in your notes
using these diagrams.
Stamen
Anther
Filament
Ovule
Carpel
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Petal
Sepal
III. Why are seed plants more successful than
spore producing plants?
A. Gametophyte generation is very tiny (only a few
cells) and is protected inside seeds and fruits so
the young of seed plants tend to survive better.
The spores of ferns and mosses must land in a wet
habitat. If they do not, they will die.
B. Sperm does not have to swim thru water- it is
carried by wind or animals during pollination.
This enables seed plants to live in drier habitats.
It also increases reproductive success.