Download Gymnosperm and Angiosperm Notes

Gymnosperms and Angiosperms – notes
Name: ____________
Characteristics Gymnosperms do not produce flowers or fruits but do produce seeds and pollen.
of Gymnosperms ____________ – carries sperm cell; is not dependent on water; carried by wind
____________ – embryo of a plant; after pollination fertilized egg develops into a seed
Examples:
______________
Most gymnosperms have _____________________with thick waxy coverings
instead of leaves. Needles help gymnosperms conserve __________________.
The largest group of gymnosperms are the _______________________. Ex: pine trees
Conifers are an important source for building materials and paper products
Conifers have 2 types of ________________________; male and female
Male cones produce ______________________ that carry sperm cells
Female cones produce _________________________
Figure
The Structure of
Pollination occurs
by22–19
the ___________:
nota dependent on water
Seed
Section
 22-4
After pollination, the fertilized egg develops into a __________.
The Seed!
Seeds helped plants better
colonize land and increased the
Seed coat
Seed
success of plant reproduction.
Seeds are more advanced than
Embryo
spores. They are not a single cell
Wing
like spores. Instead they contain
B
an embryo (multicellular, young
Stored
food supply
plant), a food supply for the
young plant, and it is protected by
a seed coat. Seeds can remain
A
dormant for years.
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Characteristics Section: Angiosperms are the most highly ___________________ of all plants. They
of Angiosperms
produce flowers, fruits, and seeds. Because of these adaptations they are the most
abundant plants on Earth.
Why are they so successful?
 Pollination occurs mostly by ________________________ (best adaptation!) As insects, bats, or birds gather nectar from flowers, they also transfer pollen from
flower to flower. After pollination and fertilization, seeds develop inside protective
fruits. Many species are flower specific- only gather nectar from one type of flower.

Gametophyte generation is very tiny (only a few cells) and is protected inside
_____________________ and fruits so the young of seed plants tend to survive
better.

Sperm does not have to swim thru _________________________- it is carried by
wind or animals during pollination so seed plants can live in dryer habitats
Two Main Types
of Angiosperms:
Monocots and
Dicots
Monocots
Dicots
1 seed
leaf
2 seed
leaves
Parallel
veins
Branched
veins
Flower
parts in 3
Flower
parts in 4 or
5
Vascular
bundles
scattered
Vascular
bundles in
rings
Fibrous
Roots
Taproot
Flower Parts
A.
Carpel – female
1. Stigma – traps pollen
2. Style supports stigma;
forms a pollen tube
3. Ovary – becomes fruit
4. Ovule- becomes seeds
B.
Stamen – male
1. Anther- produces pollen
2. Filament- supports anther
C.
Petals – attract pollinators
D.
Sepals – protect flower bud
while it is developing