Download EOC PRACTICE QUESTIONS #5

EOC PRACTICE QUESTIONS #5
Bio.2.1.1 Analyze the flow of energy and
cycling of matter (water, carbon, nitrogen
and oxygen) through ecosystems relating
the significance of each to maintaining the
health and sustainability of an ecosystem.
Bio.2.1.3 Explain various ways organisms
interact with each other (including
predation, competition, parasitism,
mutualism) and with their environments
resulting in stability within ecosystems.
Organisms that can mate an
produce fertile offspring
• species
Group of the same organisms in an
area
• population
All interacting populations in an
area
• community
All biotic and abiotic factors in an
area
• ecosystem
Place in order from smallest to
largest: ecosystem, species,
community, population
•
•
•
•
Species
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Permanent relationship between 2
organisms
• symbiotic relationship
One organism is helped and the
other is hurt
• parasitism
•
•
•
•
•
Examples:
Tapeworms
Ticks
Fleas
Viruses
One organism is helped and one is
unaffected
• commensalism
•
•
•
•
Examples
orchids on trees
barnacles on a whale
Cyanobacteria on a polar bear
Both are helped
•
•
•
•
•
Mutualism
Examples
Lichens – algae and fungi
sea anemone and clownfish
Cleaner shrimp and sharks
Bio.2.1.4 Explain why ecosystems can
be relatively stable over hundreds or
thousands of years, even though
populations may fluctuate (emphasizing
availability of food, availability of
shelter, number of predators and
disease).
Which does the ecosystem have to have
more of at first? _____ What happens to
the prey population as predators
increase? ______
Prey
Prey would decrease
Non-living factors in environment
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
abiotic factors
Examples
Temperature
acidity of soil
Soil
Water
Oxygen
nutrients
Living factors in the environment
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
biotic factors
Examples
Animals
Plants
Bacteria
Fungi
Protists
The total number of species a population
can support is the _____. It is reached
because of ______.
•
•
carrying capacity
limiting factors
Resources, Disease, Predator/Prey
are _______ limiting factors.
• density-dependent
Extreme temperature changes,
natural disasters, destruction of
a habitat are ___limiting factor
• density-independent
Increased birthrate and decreased death
rate cause a population to ______.
• increase
Which age bracket has the largest
percentage of people?
• 40-50 (baby boomers) This is a fairly
stable population
Which sex in living longest?
females
Predictable changes in a community
overtime is called ______. It will
continue until a ____is reached.
• Succession
• Climax community
Succession on rock like after a
volcanic eruption of after a glacier
recedes is called _________.
• primary succession
The first organisms to grow are called
the______. An example on rock is
a ______. • pioneer species
• lichen
Succession on soil is called ______.
First organisms to grow are ___.
• secondary succession
• grasses and weeds
The three parts of a stable
ecosystem are ____________.
• Producers
• Consumers
• Decomposers
Organisms with the most energy in
a food web are the ____. They
have the greatest impact on the
ecosystem because without
them there would not be food
and energy for the others.
• Producers
(autotrophs)
Producers primarily make their
own food by the process of
• photosynthesis
Producers take in the atmospheric gas
_____ and produce _____ an organic
compound and _____ which is
released into the atmosphere.
• carbon dioxide
• Glucose
• oxygen
All organisms take in the atmospheric
gas ____and use it to break down
______ in the process called
_________which releases ______.
•
•
•
•
Oxygen
Glucose
cellular respiration
carbon dioxide
Decomposers like ____ and ______
breakdown organic matter and put
the nutrients back into the soil.
• Bacteria
• Fungi
Oxygen is necessary for ____,
_____, and _______.
• Respiration
• Combustion
• Decomposition
Carbon dioxide is necessary for
___________.
• photosynthesis
The most abundant gas in the air you
breathe is _____ but your body
cannot process it to make ____ and
_______.
• Nitrogen
• Proteins
• nucleic acids
_____ in the soil convert nitrogen gas into
the usable form of ammonia, nitrates,
and nitrites so plants can use it. We
get the correct form of nitrogen we
need from the plants or animals that
have eaten plants.
• Bacteria
Water gets into the atmosphere by
____, _____, and ______.
• Evaporation
• Transpiration
• Respiration
Who are the herbivores?
Worm
Snail
rabbit
Who are the carnivores?
Lizard
eagle
Who are the producers?
grass
Who are the primary consumers?
Worm
Snail
Rabbit
bird (when eating grass)
Who are the secondary consumers?
bird (when eating the worm)
Lizard
eagle (when eating rabbit)
Who are the tertiary consumers?
eagle
What happens if the bird population
is reduced?
Eagles eat more lizards and rabbits making them decrease
Snail population increases
What trophic level does the lizard
belong to?
Third (count auto and heterotrophs)
Which organism has the most
energy?
grasses
Which organism has the least energy?
eagles
Which organism would have the most
biomass?
grasses
If a toxin were introduced to the
food web, which organism
would it show up most in?
eagle
Who are the autotrophs?
grasses
Which component was left out of
the food web?
decomposers
(if it was there, all arrows would point toward it)
Bio.2.2.1
Infer how human activities (including
population growth, pollution, global warming, burning of
fossil fuels, habitat destruction and introduction of nonnative
species) may impact the environment.
Bio.2.2.2
Explain how the use, protection and
conservation of natural resources by humans impact the
environment from one generation to the next.
______ impact the environment the most
due to alterations in environments
and use of natural resources.
• Humans
Harmful substances released into the soil,
water, and air is called _______ which
threatens all organisms.
• pollution
Agricultural or sewage runs off into the
freshwater ecosystem and can cause
rapid growth of an algal bloom and
eventually oxygen depletion. This is
called ______ and will eventually cause
the body of water to fill in.
• eutrophication
Building cities takes away organisms’
habitats causing them to move or die.
Overhunting and overfishing can also
lead to a decrease in ________.
• biodiversity
_______ will cause the oxygen and
water levels in the atmosphere to
decrease and the carbon dioxide
levels to increase. It also takes
away an organisms’ habitat.
• Deforestation
Sustaining resources is important
because some natural resources
are _______________.
• nonrenewable
The ______helps to control and stabilize the
temperature of Earth by trapping infrared
radiation. The burning of _____ has
increased the amount of _________in the
atmosphere causing global warming.
• greenhouse effect
• fossil fuels
• carbon dioxide
Burning of fossil fuels also releases sulfur
dioxides and nitrogen oxides in the
atmosphere. When these mix with
precipitation, ____ is formed which
affects the forest and the freshwater
ecosystem.
• acid rain
The ozone layer blocks ultraviolet rays
from the sun. _____ have caused
ozone depletion increasing skin
cancer and mutations.
• Chlorofluorocarbons
Soil erosion, overuse of farmlands,
and pesticides threaten the ____.
• food supply
Items put in landfills should be ____ or able to be
broken down by decomposers. Otherwise we
should ____, _____, and _______. Conserving
fuel and electricity reduce your carbon
footprint.
•
•
•
•
Biodegradable
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle