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STAAR Review Category 4 Students demonstrate an understanding of the structures and functions of living organisms and their interdependence on each other and their environment. Animal vs. Plant Cells Animal cells • • • • • • • Plant cells Vacuole (storage) Cell wall Mitochondrion Chloroplast Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell membrane mitochondria nucleus cell wall cell membrane vacuole cytoplasm chloroplast Organization of Living Things • • • • • • 7.12C Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems Organisms Populations What's the Function? • Circulatory – Transport food & oxygen to cells – Transport waste products from cells • Respiratory – Provide oxygen to the blood – Remove carbon dioxide from the blood • Skeletal – Support, protection, and movement 7.12B What's the Function? • muscular – Body Movement – Movement of blood and food • digestive – Break down food to nutrients – Deliver nutrients to circulatory system • excretory – Remove wastes from the body including excess water 7.12B What's the Function? • reproductive – Pass genetic information to offspring – Continue the species • integumentary (skin) – Protection – Reduce water loss • nervous – Process information & send instructions 7.12B What's the Function? • endocrine – control homeostasis – regulate bodily functions like metabolism – control growth – Control development – reproduction 7.12B Reproduction • Inherited traits controlled by _1?_. – Found in _2?_, located on _3?_ found within the _4?_ of a cell. • Asexual vs. sexual – Which creates more diversity? Photosynthesis… Light + CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2 8.5D,E,F; 6.9C Energy Flow through Living organisms.. • Sun producers primary consumers secondary consumers • Food chains • Food webs… • decomposers 7.5C Texas Food Web Which of these are producers? Which of these are primary consumers? Which of these are secondary consumers? Which of these are tertiary consumers? 7.5C Question • Which organisms are both secondary and tertiary consumers in this partial desert food web? 7.5C Interactive Food Web Click the link above to start… Direction are on the web site. • Part I: • Part II: Question • Flowers in a vase have enough turgor pressure to look fresh. If they lose turgor pressure, they become wilted. How is turgor pressure maintained? A. air is pumped into flowers B. water moves into cells C. minerals turn to crystals D. more sugar is produced E. water is pumped out of the cells F. more sugar is consumed 7.12F Ecosystem Factors • Biotic – Living • Plants • Animals • Decomposers 8.11B • Abiotic – Non-living • Water • Soil • Rocks • Air • Light Discussion • Given two organism that consume the same things in aa forest ecosystem, what would happen to the organisms if a drought caused a major loss of trees? 8.11C Succession • What is it? – series of predictable changes in a community that occur over time – Begins on new land such as a volcanic island – After major event: volcanic eruption, fire • 2 types – Primary: start with no ecosystem existing; 1st— pioneer species (lichens & mosses) then grasses, shrubs and finally trees – Secondary: occur after a disturbance such as farming or logging; regrowth of grasses, shrubs, small then larger trees 7.10C Succession Types of catastrophes: 7.10C volcanic eruption forest fire deforestation land cleared for agriculture Organism Structures A dichotomous key to these six species is shown. Complete the missing information for sections 5.a. and 5.b. so that the key is complete for all six species. 7.11A Organism Structures Using the dichotomous key, classify an organism that has small or no wings, shorter rear legs, not a horned head and small eyes. 7.11A Explain the Relationships • Producer — Consumer • Predator — Prey • Parasite — Host 8.11A Organisms & Environmental Change • Polar bears are dependent on sea ice to hunt seals and to move from one area to another. • What might happen to the polar bears if global climate change continues? 8.11C Differentiate between Natural Selection & Selective Breeding • Both are ways traits are passed from parent to offspring • Natural Selection – Referred to “survival of the fittest” – Only the most adapted organisms live to pass on their genes – Peppered moth and air pollution • Selective Breeding – Human controlled – We physically breed for the traits we WANT in the offspring – dairy cows 7.11C