Download Chapter 1 The Science of Physics

Chapter 1
The Science of
Physics
Which of the following is an
area of physics that studies
motion and its causes?
a. thermodynamics
b. optics
c. quantum mechanics
d. mechanics
Which of the following is an
area of physics that studies
motion and its causes?
a. thermodynamics
b. optics
c. quantum mechanics
d. mechanics
The symbols for units of
length in order from smallest
to largest are:
a. mm, cm, m, and km.
b. mm, m, cm, and km.
c. km, mm, cm, and m.
d. m, cm, mm, and km.
The symbols for units of
length in order from smallest
to largest are:
a. mm, cm, m, and km.
b. mm, m, cm, and km.
c. km, mm, cm, and m.
d. m, cm, mm, and km.
The SI base unit used to
measure mass is the:
a. meter
b. kilogram
c. second
d. liter
The SI base unit used to
measure mass is the:
a. meter
b. kilogram
c. second
d. liter
If some measurements agree
closely with each other but differ
widely from the actual value,
these measurements are:
a. neither precise nor accurate
b. precise but not accurate
c. acceptable as a new standard
of accuracy
d. accurate but not precise
If some measurements agree
closely with each other but differ
widely from the actual value,
these measurements are:
a. neither precise nor accurate
b. precise but not accurate
c. acceptable as a new standard
of accuracy
d. accurate but not precise
What are the basic SI units?
a. meters, kilograms, hours
b. feet, pounds, seconds
c. feet, kilograms, seconds
d. meters, kilograms, seconds
What are the basic SI units?
a. meters, kilograms, hours
b. feet, pounds, seconds
c. feet, kilograms, seconds
d. meters, kilograms, seconds
Ch 2
Motion in One
Dimension
What is the speed of an
object at rest?
a. 9.9 m/s
b. 1.0 m/s
c. 0.0 m/s
d. 9.81 m/s
What is the speed of an
object at rest?
a. 9.9 m/s
b. 1.0 m/s
c. 0.0 m/s
d. 9.81 m/s
A dolphin swims 1.85 km/h.
How far has the dolphin
traveled after 0.60 h?
a. 0.63 km
b. 2.5 km
c. 1.1 km
d. 3.7 km
A dolphin swims 1.85 km/h.
How far has the dolphin
traveled after 0.60 h?
a. 0.63 km
b. 2.5 km
c. 1.1 km
d. 3.7 km
Acceleration is:
a. displacement
b. the rate of change
of velocity
c. velocity
d. the rate of change
of displacement
Acceleration is:
a. displacement
b. the rate of change
of velocity
c. velocity
d. the rate of change
of displacement
Which of the following
units are used to measure
free fall?
2
a. m/s
b. m/s
c. m•s
2
2
d. m /s
Which of the following
units are used to measure
free fall?
2
a. m/s
b. m/s
c. m•s
2
2
d. m /s
When there is no air resistance,
objects of different masses:
a. fall with different accelerations
with similar displacements.
b. fall with different accelerations
with different displacements.
c. fall with equal accelerations with
different displacements.
d. fall with equal accelerations with
similar displacements.
When there is no air resistance,
objects of different masses:
a. fall with different accelerations
with similar displacements.
b. fall with different accelerations
with different displacements.
c. fall with equal accelerations with
different displacements.
d. fall with equal accelerations
with similar displacements.
Ch 3
TwoDimensional
Motion and
Vectors
Which of the following is a
physical quantity that has
both magnitude and
direction?
a. scalar
b. resultant
c. vector
d. frame of reference
Which of the following is a
physical quantity that has
both magnitude and
direction?
a. scalar
b. resultant
c. vector
d. frame of reference
A string attached to an airborne
kite was maintained at an angle
of 40.0° with the ground.
If 120 m of string was reeled in
to return the kite back to the
ground, what was the horizontal
displacement of the kite?
a. 92 m
b. 84 m
c. 77 m
d. 110 m
A string attached to an airborne
kite was maintained at an angle
of 40.0° with the ground.
If 120 m of string was reeled in
to return the kite back to the
ground, what was the horizontal
displacement of the kite?
a. 92 m
b. 84 m
c. 77 m
d. 110 m
Which of the following is the
motion of objects moving in two
dimensions under the influence
of gravity?
a. horizontal velocity
b. directrix
c. projectile motion
d. parabola
Which of the following is the
motion of objects moving in two
dimensions under the influence
of gravity?
a. horizontal velocity
b. directrix
c. projectile motion
d. parabola
What is the path of a
projectile?
a. a wavy line
2. a hyperbola
3. a parabola
4. Projectiles do not follow a
predictable path.
What is the path of a
projectile?
a. a wavy line
2. a hyperbola
3. a parabola
4. Projectiles do not follow a
predictable path.
A piece of chalk is dropped by a
teacher walking at a speed of
1.5 m/s. From the teacher’s
perspective, the chalk appears
to fall:
a. straight down and forward
b. straight down and backward
c. straight down
d. straight backward
A piece of chalk is dropped by a
teacher walking at a speed of
1.5 m/s. From the teacher’s
perspective, the chalk appears
to fall:
a. straight down and forward
b. straight down and backward
c. straight down
d. straight backward
Ch 4
Force and the
Laws of Motion
What causes a moving
object to change
direction?
a. force
b. velocity
c. inertia
d. acceleration
What causes a moving
object to change
direction?
a. force
b. velocity
c. inertia
d. acceleration
Which of the following is the
tendency of an object to
maintain its state of
motion?
a. acceleration
b. velocity
c. force
d. inertia
Which of the following is the
tendency of an object to
maintain its state of
motion?
a. acceleration
b. velocity
c. force
d. inertia
A wagon with a weight of
300.0 N is accelerated across
2
a level surface at 0.5 m/s .
What net force acts on the
wagon?
a. 9.0 N
b. 150 N
c. 15 N
d. 610 N
A wagon with a weight of
300.0 N is accelerated across
2
a level surface at 0.5 m/s .
What net force acts on the
wagon?
a. 9.0 N
b. 150 N
c. 15 N
d. 610 N
The statement by Newton that
for every action there is an
equal and opposite reaction is
which of his laws of motion?
a. first
b. second
c. third
d. fourth
The statement by Newton that
for every action there is an
equal and opposite reaction is
which of his laws of motion?
a. first
b. second
c. third
d. fourth
The magnitude of the force
of gravity acting on an
object is:
a. frictional force
b. inertia
c. weight
d. mass
The magnitude of the force
of gravity acting on an
object is:
a. frictional force
b. inertia
c. weight
d. mass
Ch 5
Work and
Energy
Work is done when:
a. the displacement is zero
b. the displacement is not
zero
c. the force is zero
d. the force and displacement
are perpendicular
Work is done when:
a. the displacement is zero
b. the displacement is not
zero
c. the force is zero
d. the force and displacement
are perpendicular
Which of the following energy
forms is the sum of kinetic
energy and all forms of
potential energy?
a. total energy
b. sum energy
c. mechanical energy
d. nonmechanical energy
Which of the following energy
forms is the sum of kinetic
energy and all forms of
potential energy?
a. total energy
b. sum energy
c. mechanical energy
d. nonmechanical energy
An 80.0 kg climber with a
20.0 kg pack climbs 8848 m
to the top of Mount Everest.
What is the climber’s potential
energy?
a. 2.47 x 106 J
6
b. 4.16 x 10 J
6
c. 6.94 x 10 J
d. 1.00 x 106 J
An 80.0 kg climber with a
20.0 kg pack climbs 8848 m
to the top of Mount Everest.
What is the climber’s potential
energy?
a. 2.47 x 106 J
6
b. 4.16 x 10 J
6
c. 6.94 x 10 J
d. 1.00 x 106 J
A bobsled zips down an ice track
starting at 150 m vertical
distance up the hill.
Disregarding friction, what is the
velocity of the bobsled at the
bottom of the hill?
a. 54 m/s
b. 45 m/s
c. 36 m/s
d. 27 m/s
A bobsled zips down an ice track
starting at 150 m vertical
distance up the hill.
Disregarding friction, what is the
velocity of the bobsled at the
bottom of the hill?
a. 54 m/s
b. 45 m/s
c. 36 m/s
d. 27 m/s
What is the average power
supplied by a 60.0 kg
secretary running up a
flight of stairs rising
vertically 4.0 m in 4.2 s?
a. 380 W
b. 610 W
c. 560 W
d. 670 W
What is the average power
supplied by a 60.0 kg
secretary running up a
flight of stairs rising
vertically 4.0 m in 4.2 s?
a. 380 W
b. 610 W
c. 560 W
d. 670 W
Ch 6
Momentum
A roller coaster climbs up a hill at
4 m/s and then zips down the hill
at 30.0 m/s. The momentum of
the roller coaster:
a.
b.
c.
d.
is greater down the hill than up the hill
is greater up the hill than down the hill
remains the same throughout the ride
is zero throughout the ride
A roller coaster climbs up a
hill at 4 m/s and then zips
down the hill at 30.0 m/s. The
momentum of the roller
coaster:
a.
b.
c.
d.
is greater down the hill than up the hill
is greater up the hill than down the hill
remains the same throughout the ride
is zero throughout the ride
An ice skater initially skating at a
velocity of 3 m/s speeds up to a
velocity of 5 m/s.
The momentum of the skater:
a. increases
b. decreases
c. remains the same
d. becomes zero
An ice skater initially skating at a
velocity of 3 m/s speeds up to a
velocity of 5 m/s.
The momentum of the skater:
a. increases
b. decreases
c. remains the same
d. becomes zero
The change in an object’s
momentum is equal to:
a. the product of the mass of the
object and the time interval.
b. the net external force divided by
the time interval.
c. the time interval divided by the
net external force.
d. the product of the force applied to
the object and the time interval.
The change in an object’s
momentum is equal to:
a. the product of the mass of the
object and the time interval.
b. the net external force divided by
the time interval.
c. the time interval divided by the
net external force.
d. the product of the force applied to
the object and the time interval.
A softball with a mass of 0.11 kg
moves at a speed of 12 m/s. Then
the ball is hit by a bat and rebounds
in the opposite direction at a speed
of 15 m/s. What is the change in
momentum of the ball?
a. -3.0 kg•m/s
c. -0.33 kg•m/s
b. -0.3 kg•m/s
d. -1.3 kg•m/s
A softball with a mass of 0.11 kg
moves at a speed of 12 m/s. Then
the ball is hit by a bat and rebounds
in the opposite direction at a speed
of 15 m/s. What is the change in
momentum of the ball?
a. -3.0 kg•m/s
c. -0.33 kg•m/s
b. -0.3 kg•m/s
d. -1.3 kg•m/s
Which of the following statements about the
conservation of momentum is NOT correct?
a. Momentum is conserved for a system of
objects pushing away from each other.
b. Momentum is conserved when two or
more interacting objects push away from
each other.
c. Momentum is not conserved for a system
of objects in a head-on collision.
d. The total momentum of a system of
interacting objects remains constant
regardless of forces between the objects.
Which of the following statements about the
conservation of momentum is NOT correct?
a. Momentum is conserved for a system of
objects pushing away from each other.
b. Momentum is conserved when two or
more interacting objects push away from
each other.
c. Momentum is not conserved for a
system of objects in a head-on collision.
d. The total momentum of a system of
interacting objects remains constant
regardless of forces between the objects.
Ch 7-8
Centripetal Force,
Universal
Gravitation, Torque,
Simple Machines
The gravitational force
between two masses is 36 N.
What is the gravitational force
if the distance between them
is tripled?
a. 27 N
c. 9.0 N
b. 18 N
d. 4.0 N
The gravitational force
between two masses is 36 N.
What is the gravitational force
if the distance between them
is tripled?
a. 27 N
c. 9.0 N
b. 18 N
d. 4.0 N
If a net torque is applied to
an object, that object will
experience which of the
following?
a. an angular acceleration
b. a constant angular speed
c. a constant moment of inertia
d. an increasing moment of
inertia
If a net torque is applied to
an object, that object will
experience which of the
following?
a. an angular acceleration
b. a constant angular speed
c. a constant moment of inertia
d. an increasing moment of
inertia
Where should a force be applied
on a lever arm to produce the
most torque?
a. closest to the axis of rotation
b. in the middle of the lever arm
c. farthest from the axis of
rotation
d. It doesn’t matter where the
force is applied.
Where should a force be applied
on a lever arm to produce the
most torque?
a. closest to the axis of rotation
b. in the middle of the lever arm
c. farthest from the axis of
rotation
d. It doesn’t matter where the
force is applied.
Suppose a doorknob is placed at the
center of a door. Compared with a door
whose knob is located at the edge, what
amount of force must be applied to this
door to produce the torque exerted on
the other door?
a. one-fourth as much
b. four times as much
c. one-half as much
d. two times as much
Suppose a doorknob is placed at the
center of a door. Compared with a door
whose knob is located at the edge, what
amount of force must be applied to this
door to produce the torque exerted on
the other door?
a. one-fourth as much
b. four times as much
c. one-half as much
d. two times as much
If you cannot exert enough force to
loosen a bolt with a wrench, which
of the following should you do?
a. Use a wrench with a shorter
handle.
b. Tie a rope to the end of the wrench
and pull on the rope.
c. Use a wrench with a longer handle.
d. You should exert a force on the
wrench closer to the bolt.
If you cannot exert enough force to
loosen a bolt with a wrench, which
of the following should you do?
a. Use a wrench with a shorter
handle.
b. Tie a rope to the end of the wrench
and pull on the rope.
c. Use a wrench with a longer
handle.
d. You should exert a force on the
wrench closer to the bolt.
CH 10 & 11
Heat and
Thermodynamics
What is the temperature of a
system in thermal equilibrium
with another system made up
of water and steam at 1 atm
of pressure?
A) 100°C
B) 0 K
C) 273 K
D) 0°F
What is the temperature of a
system in thermal equilibrium
with another system made up
of water and steam at 1 atm
of pressure?
A) 100°C
B) 0 K
C) 273 K
D) 0°F
Heat flow occurs between
two bodies in thermal
contact when they differ in
which of the following
properties?
A) mass
B) temperature
C) density D) specific heat
Heat flow occurs between
two bodies in thermal
contact when they differ in
which of the following
properties?
A) mass
B) temperature
C) density D) specific heat
An engine absorbs 2150 J as
heat from a hot reservoir and
gives off 750 J as heat to a cold
reservoir during each cycle. How
much work is done during each
cycle?
A) 2900 J
B) 2150 J
C) 1400 J
D) 750 J
An engine absorbs 2150 J as
heat from a hot reservoir and
gives off 750 J as heat to a cold
reservoir during each cycle. How
much work is done during each
cycle?
A) 2900 J
B) 2150 J
C) 1400 J
D) 750 J
Which of the following is
proportional to the kinetic energy
of atoms and molecules?
A) temperature
B) potential energy
C) elastic energy
D) thermal equilibrium
Which of the following is
proportional to the kinetic energy
of atoms and molecules?
A) temperature
B) potential energy
C) elastic energy
D) thermal equilibrium
Which of the following
terms describes a transfer
of energy?
A) kinetic energy
B) temperature
C) internal energy
D) heat
Which of the following
terms describes a transfer
of energy?
A) kinetic energy
B) temperature
C) internal energy
D) heat
Distinguish
between precision
and accuracy.
Precision is how close a
series of measurements
are to each other.
Accuracy is how close a
measurement is to the
accepted value.
What is the speed of
a proton that travels
12
3.022 x 10 m in
2.02 x 104 s? Express
the answer in scientific
notation using the correct
number of significant digits.
12
10
3.022 x
m/
4
2.02 x 10 s =
8
1.50 x 10 m/s
What is the acceleration
of an object thrown
upward?
What is its acceleration
as it free falls?
The acceleration
is constant,
2
9.81 m/s , all the
time it is in the air.
A pair of spectacles are
dropped from the top of a
32.0 m high stadium. A pen is
dropped 2.0 s later. How high
above the ground is the pen
when the spectacles hit the
ground?
d = 1/2 g t2 32.0 = 1/2 9.8 t2
t = 2.56 s
If the pen is dropped 2 seconds
after the spectacles, the pen only
falls 0.56 seconds.
d = 1/2 g t2 d = 1/2 9.8•0.562
d = 1.54 m
It fell 1.54 m of 32.0 m
32.0 - 1.54 = 30.0 m above the
ground
Briefly explain why
a basketball being
thrown toward the
hoop is considered
projectile motion.
It is an object that
is launched and
that is subject to
gravity.
Briefly explain why the
true path of a projectile
traveling through
Earth’s atmosphere is
not a parabola.
Because air
resistance
slows the
object.
When a car is moving,
what happens to the
velocity and acceleration
of the car if the air
resistance becomes equal
to the force acting in the
opposite direction?
The acceleration is
then zero and the
car moves with a
constant speed.
In a game of tug-of-war, a
rope is pulled to the left with a
force of 75 N and to the right
with a force of 102 N. What is
the magnitude and direction
of the net external force on
the rope?
102 N - 75 N =
27 N
to the right
How is work
related to
force and
displacement?
Work =
force x
displacement
A skier with a mass of 88 kg
hits a ramp of snow at 16 m/s
and becomes airborne.
At the highest point of flight,
the skier is 3.7 m above
ground. What is the skier’s
gravitational potential energy
at this point?
PE = mgh
88 kg x 9.8
2
m/s
x 3.7 m =
3200 J
What does it
mean to say that
momentum is
conserved?
Momentum is
neither lost nor
gained in
interactions
between objects.
A 30.0 kg girl and a 25.0
kg boy face each other on
friction free roller skates.
The girl pushes the boy,
who moves away at a
speed of 2.0 m/s. What is
the girl’s speed?
30.0 kg x v =
25.0 kg x 2.0 m/s
v = 1.7 m/s
A ball is whirled in a
horizontal path on the
end of a string. Predict
the path of the ball
when the string breaks,
and explain your
answer.
The ball will move straight
in the direction it was
moving when the string
broke. Without a
centripetal force, the ball’s
inertia causes it to keep
moving in a straight line.
How does the use
of a machine alter
the work done on
the object?
None.
Work, like
energy, is
conserved.
Why is air an
effective thermal
insulator for the
body?
Air is an
extremely poor
thermal
conductor.
A physics textbook is balanced
on top of an inflated balloon on a
cold morning. As the day
passes, the temperature
increases, the balloon expands,
and the textbook rises.
Is there a transfer of energy as
heat? If so, what is it?
Has any work been done?
Energy from the air
was transferred into
the balloon as heat.
The balloon did
work on the book.