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Transcript
The Crusades Outline of PPT I. Call to fight – Reasons for Joining II. First Crusade III. Second Crusade IV. Third Crusade V. Fourth Crusade VI. Effects on Europe Call to Fight Byzantine emperor, Alexius I, asked Pope to help in fighting the Seljuk Turks (Muslim) Pope Urban II took opportunity to showcase papal leadership Cause: take back holy lands from Muslims Urban II challenged Christians to take up weapons and join in a holy war Pope promised fighters “remission of sins” Reasons for Joining People joined crusading bands for a variety of reasons – Religious fervor, adventure, chance to fight, gain territory, riches, possibility of a title – Pope and kings saw it as an opportunity to free Europe from young nobles who disturbed the peace and wasted lives and energy fighting one another First Crusade 1096-1099 Attempt to recapture the holy city of Jerusalem Crusaders wore red crosses on their tunics Battle cry—”God wills it!” Crusaders were ill-prepared – Lack of food and water, disease was common, not prepared for heat of Middle East Depiction of First Crusade Second Crusade 1147-1149 Response to the city of Edessa being captured by Muslims (Christians want to take the city back) This crusade was a failure (Defeated in Edessa and Jerusalem was taken by Muslim leader Saladin) Third Crusade 1189-1192 Came about when Jerusalem fell to Muslims in 1187 3 important rulers agreed to lead forces – Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany – Richard I the Lionhearted of England – Phillip II Augustus, King of France Third Crusade Not successful Richard manages to Barbarossa drowned negotiate a and his army fell settlement with apart Saladin to allow Richard and Phillip Christian pilgrims free had some success access to Jerusalem along the coast, but failed miserably inland Phillip goes back home Fourth Crusade 1202-1204 Saladin died in 1193 and Pope Innocent initiates another Crusade led by Venetian leaders Suppose to be headed to holy land, but see opportunity to take Byzantium and eliminate their trade competition Christians crusaders attack the Christian city Effect on Europe Benefited Italian port cities of Venice, Pisa, and Genoa First widespread attacks on Jews – Believed Jews were responsible for the “murder of Christ” Lessened power of Pope and nobles