Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Cell Organelles and Organization What to consider? Prokaryote- organisms that lack nuclei (bacteria) Eukaryote- organisms with a nuclei (plants and animals) CELL WALL Location: outside perimeter Found in prokaryotes and plants Function: gives cells its shape and protection Cell Membrane Location: Outside perimeter Also called Plasma Membrane Prokaryotes, Plants, & Animals Function: controls what enter and leaves the cell Structure of Cell Membrane Selectively Permeable: pick and chose what is allowed to enter/exit Nucleus Plants and Animals Function: Control center for metabolism and reproduction Nucleolus Inside nucleus Plants and Animals Function: makes ribosomes Nuclear Envelope: Surrounds the nucleus Plants and Animals Allows things to enter and exit nucleus Chromatin/Chromosomes Inside nucleus Plants and Animals Function: DNA Cytoplasm Location: Jelly-like substance in between cell membrane and nucleus Plants and Animals & Prokaryotes Function: metabolism Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Plants and Animals Function: highway of cell; moves material from one end to the next Two Types: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): ribosomes attached Smooth ER: no ribosomes Ribosomes Plants and Animals Function: makes proteins Goligi Bodies or Complex Plants and Animals Looks like a flattened stack of pancakes Modify and transport proteins to parts of the cell Lysosome Plants and Animals Garbage disposal; break down food or bacteria Mitochondria Plants and Animals Powerhouse of cell Produces energy for the cell Microtubules Eukaryotes (plants and animals) Gives cell shape Microfilaments Eukaryotes (plants and animals) Involved with cell movement Cilia and Flagella Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes (plants and animals) Function: Hair-like structures for movement Cilia and Flagella Cilia Flagella Vacuoles Plants: one large Animals: several small ones Function: digest food or remove excess water (similar to sponge) Plastids 1. 2. Plants only Two types: Leucoplasts: starch storage Chromoplasts: pigments for color Chloroplast Type of chromoplast Contains chlorophyll; site for photosynthesis Grana and stoma are part of chloroplast Endosymbiosis Theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were really once bacteria or prokaryotes Centrioles Inside cells Eukaryotes (plants and animals) Function: cellular division Organization of Cells in Living Things: Unicellular Organisms Example: bacteria, fungi, algae Able to carry on all life processes Usually colonial organisms Multicellular Organisms Cells---Tissues---Organ--Organ Systems Tissue Group of cells that are similar and perform same function Types: epithelial (skin), connective (bone), and muscle to name a few Organ Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function EX: Stomach, Liver Organ System Group of organs that work together to perform a function EX: digestive system Critical Thinking Question Why do you think the cells of all multicellular organisms are specialized?